Section 4. Water Chemistry Parameters

The maintenance of specified feedwater and boiler water chemistry must be well regulated and documented by frequent analysis and record keeping. Normally, a combination of online analyzers and grab sample measurements is used to ensure proper chemistry control. Guidance on sample collection and conditioning is provided in “Consensus on Operating Practices for the Sampling and Monitoring of Feedwater and Boiler Water Chemistry in Modern Industrial Boilers” [7].

Karakteristik Limbah Cair Pasar Kedondong, Kelurahan Karang Asam Ilir, Kecamatan Sungai Kunjang, Kota Samarinda

Limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan Pasar Kedondong dapat menimbulkan efek buruk untuk lingkungan sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik limbah cair yang dihasilkan, dan dapat memberikan suatu informasi tentang dampak limbah cair yang telah dihasilkan dari Pasar Kedondong, serta membandingkan limbah cair yang dihasilkan oleh Pasar Kedondong dengan baku mutu air limbah domestik menurut Kep.No P.68/Menlhk-Setjen/2016. Metode pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan botol gelap dan grab sample. Pengambilan sampel air limbah cair dilakukan dengan mengacu pada SNI 6989.59:2008 Bagian 59 tentang metode pengambilan contoh air limbah. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali ulangan dalam satu titik dengan ukuran 250 mL yang ditempatkan pada botol gelap dan didinginkan dalam coolbox Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan warna sampel terlihat coklat, memiliki bau yang menyengat dan tidak sedap. Sedangkan nilai rata-rata parameter air limbah cair Pasar Kedondong menunjukkan rata-rata pH di lapangan 6,94 dengan suhu 28 °C dan pH di laboratorium menunjukkan rata-rata pHnya 7,00. Analisis pH limbah cair Pasar Kedondong masih memenuhi baku mutu lingkungan domestik menurut Kep.No P.68/Menlhk-Setjen/2016. Limbah cair Pasar Kedondong yang dianalisis di Laboratorium menunjukkan hasil rata-rata parameter TSSnya 246 mg/L, yang artinya melebihi baku mutu lingkungan air limbah domestik menurut Kep.No P.68/Menlhk-Setjen/2016.

An Object-Based Image Analysis Approach Using Bathymetry and Bathymetric Derivatives to Classify the Seafloor

In this paper, object-based image analysis classification methods are developed that do not rely on backscatter in order to classify the seafloor. Instead, these methods make use of bathymetry, bathymetric derivatives, and grab samples for classification. The classification is performed on image object statistics. One of the methods utilizes only texture-based features, that is, features that are related to the spatial arrangement of image characteristics. The second method is similar, but relies on a wider set of image object features. The methods were developed and tested using a dataset from Norwegian waters, specifically the Røstbanken area off the coast of Lofoten. The classification results were compared to backscatter-based classification and to grab sample ground-reference data. The algorithm that performed the best was then also applied to a dataset from the Borkumer Stones area close to the island of Schiermonnikoog in Dutch waters. This allowed testing the applicability of the algorithm for different datasets. Because the algorithms that were developed do not require backscatter, the availability of which is much more scarce than bathymetry, and because of the low computational requirements, they could be applied to any area where high-resolution bathymetry and grab samples are available.

85 Impacts of dietary profile on starch content and gelatinization in canine diets

Starch gelatinization of pet foods can be impacted by several factors, including moisture, retention time, and ingredients used. Starch gelatinization has been associated with effects on digestibility, but isn’t well studied in non-traditional canine diets. The objective of this research was to examine the impacts of dietary ingredient profile (traditional vs. non-traditional) and assess impacts to total starch content and starch gelatinization. Traditional diets (n = 10) utilizing meat-based ingredients including chicken, chicken byproduct meal, meat and bone meal and plant-based ingredients including rice, barley, oats, and corn were examined in comparison with non-traditional diets (n = 10) utilizing meat-based ingredients including alligator, buffalo, venison, kangaroo, squid, quail, rabbit, rabbit and salmon along with plant-based ingredients including tapioca, peas, chickpeas, lentils, potato, and pumpkin. Representative samples were collected via grab sample technique (5 samples/diet) and were assessed for total starch content as well as percent starch gelatinization. Variation between both diet types were assessed with a nonlinear regression using SAS 9.4. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Distribution of total starch content based on ingredient type (traditional vs non-traditional) reveal that mean total starch content is 15% higher in traditional diets as compared to non-traditional diets (P < 0.0001). Conversely, percent starch gelatinization was found to be 10% higher in non-traditional diets (P < 0.0001). Total starch content and percent gelatinization had a highly significant non-linear relationship (P < 0.0001). These novel data reveal important differences between starch content and gelatinization and could impact manufacturing processes for ingredient types as well as feeding recommendations.

Wastewater SARS-CoV-2 Concentration and Loading Variability from Grab and 24-Hour Composite Samples

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires a significant, coordinated public health response. Assessing case density and spread of infection is critical and relies largely on clinical testing data. However, clinical testing suffers from known limitations, including test availability and a bias towards enumerating only symptomatic individuals. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has gained widespread support as a potential complement to clinical testing for assessing COVID-19 infections at the community scale. The efficacy of WBE hinges on the ability to accurately characterize SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in wastewater. To date, a variety of sampling schemes have been used without consensus around the appropriateness of grab or composite sampling. Here we address a key WBE knowledge gap by examining the variability of SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in wastewater grab samples collected every 2 hours for 72 hours compared with corresponding 24-hour flow-weighted composite samples. Results show relatively low variability (mean for all assays = 741 copies 100 mL-1, standard deviation = 508 copies 100 mL-1) for grab sample concentrations, and good agreement between most grab samples and their respective composite (mean deviation from composite = 159 copies 100 mL-1). When SARS-CoV-2 concentrations are used to calculate viral load, the discrepancy between grabs (log10 difference = 12.0) or a grab and its associated composite (log10 difference = 11.8) are amplified. A similar effect is seen when estimating carrier prevalence in a catchment population with median estimates based on grabs ranging 62-1853 carriers. Findings suggest that grab samples may be sufficient to characterize SARS-CoV-2 concentrations, but additional calculations using these data may be sensitive to grab sample variability and warrant the use of flow-weighted composite sampling. These data inform future WBE work by helping determine the most appropriate sampling scheme and facilitate sharing of datasets between studies via consistent methodology.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KONSENTRASI SIANIDA DALAM URIN MASYARAKAT KAWASAN PESISIR

ABSTRAK Sianida (CN) termasuk dalam golongan bahan pencemar yang sering mencemari perairan dan berdampak pada manusia apabila mengkonsumsi biota dari perairan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan konsentrasi CN urin masyarakat pesisir Desa Mallasoro Kecamatan Bangkala Kabupaten Jeneponto. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian observasional menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel kerang hijau masing-masing diambil pada tujuh titik lokasi menggunakan teknik grab sample, sedangkan sampel urin diambil pada tiga puluh responden secara purposif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium menggunakan metode UV-Vis Spektrofotometri. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman dan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dengan konsentrasi CN dalam urin responden adalah konsentrasi CN dalam kerang hijau (p=0.000, r=0.612), lama tinggal (p=0.001, r=0.594), lama konsumsi kerang hijau (p=0.000, r=0.703), dan frekuensi konsumsi singkong (p=0.011, r=0.457). Variabel yang tidak berhubungan yaitu: umur (p=0.578, r=-0.106), dan jumlah konsumsi rokok per hari (p=0.224, r=0.229). Namun, variabel yang menjadi prediktor terhadap konsentrasi CN dalam urin adalah konsentrasi CN dalam kerang hijau, lama konsumsi kerang hijau, dan frekuensi konsumsi singkong, dengan model regresi yang diperoleh Y= -11,426 + 33,662 X1 + 0,046 X2 + 0,667 X3. Disarankan kepada masyarakat pesisir Desa Mallasoro untuk mengurangi atau bahkan tidak lagi mengkonsumsi kerang hijau dari perairan tersebut dan melakukan pengolahan yang tepat pada singkong sebelum dikonsumsi yakni dengan cara pencucian, perendaman atau perebusan, sehingga menjadi aman untuk dikonsumsi. Kata kunci: Sianida, Kerang Hijau, Urin, Pesisir

ANALISIS TINGKAT KEBUGARAN JASMANI SISWA PENDIDIKAN PONDOK PESANTREN DI KOTA BENGKULU

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi kebugaran jasmani siswa pendidikan pondok pesantren di Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian desktiptif kualitatif. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini terdapat 10 populasi pondok pesantren di Kota Bengkulu, Lalu diambil 5 sebagai sampel yaitu:Pondok Pesantren Al Mubaarak, Pondok Pesantren Harsalakum, Pondok Pesantren Pancasila, Pondok Pesantren Darussalam dan Pondok Pesantren Hidayatullah dengan jumlah subjek 128 siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data yaitu teknik tabulasi frekuensi. Hasil Penelitian membuktikan bahwa pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani mempengaruhi kondisi kebugaran jasmani. Berdasarkan analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi kebugaran jasmani siswa Pondok pesantren dengan hasil tes lari 2400 meter dalam bentuk presentase sebagai berikut: Siswa dengan kebugaran jasmani baik sekali 0 %, siswa dengan kebugaran jasmani baik 23 orang atau 17,96 %, siswa dengan kebugaran jasmani sedang 73 orang atau 57,03%, siswa dengan kebugaran jasmani yang kurang 28 orang atau 21,87 % dan Siswa dengan Kebugaran jasmani yang sangat kurang yaitu 4 orang atau 03,14%. Jadi berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa kondisi kebugaran jasmani berdasarkan jenis kelamin siswa Pendidikan Pondok Pesantren di Kota Bengkulu yaitu untuk kelompok laki-laki 11,27 menit yaitu sedang, untuk kelompok perempuan waktu rata-rata 15,02 yaitu Sedang.Kata kunci : Kebugaran, Siswa-Siswi Pondok Pesantren, Kota BengkuluABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the condition of physical fitness of students educational boarding school in the city of Bengkulu. This study uses descriptive qualitative research. In doing this research there are 10 populations boarding school in the city of Bengkulu, Then grab sample 5 as follows: Al Mubaarak Boarding Schools, Harsalakum Boarding Schools, Pancasila Boarding Schools, Darussalam Boarding Schools and Hidayatullah Boarding Schools by the number of subjects 128 students. This study uses data analysis techniques, namely frequency tabulation technique. Research proves that learning physical education influence the condition of physical fitness. Based on data analysis can be concluded that the condition of physical fitness of students Pondok Pesantren with the results of a test run 2400 meters in the form of a percentage as follows: Students with good physical fitness once 0 %, students with good physical fitness 23 people or 17.96%, students with physical fitness were 73 people or 57.03 %, students with less physical fitness 28 people or 21.87 % and students with physical Fitness very less that 4 people or 03.14 %. So based on the findings that the conditions of physical fitness by sex Boarding Schools Education students in the city of Bengkulu, namely for the group of men 11.27 minutes which was, for women the average time of 15.02 is Medium.Keywords: Fitness, Students Boarding School, City of Bengkulu

A DEBATE ON THE SIMILARITY OF PARTICLE SIZING RESULTS DERIVED FROM THE ANALYSIS OF FINEGRAINED SEDIMENTS BY TWO DIFFERENT INSTRUMENTATIONS

A set of grab-sample sediments collected from the basin floor of the Corinth Gulf, Greece, was analysed using two different techniques; LS 230 laser system and Coulter Counter TA II. The present study presents the results derived from the comparison between the two techniques. The correlation between the mean size and the sorting values obtained from the two methods is moderate. Also moderate are the correlations estimated for the fractions of clay and silt obtained from the two methods Furthermore the analysis showed that the Laser Coulter determines coarser grain sizes than the Coulter. The analysis of variation/residuals within individual size intervals showed a higher variability of residuals for the coarser fractions (7-6 and 5-4 phi).

ANALISIS TINGKAT KEBUGARAN JASMANI SISWA PENDIDIKAN PONDOK PESANTREN DI KOTA BENGKULU

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi kebugaran jasmani siswa pendidikan pondok pesantren di Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian desktiptif kualitatif. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini terdapat 10 populasi pondok pesantren di Kota Bengkulu, Lalu di ambil 5 sebagai sampel yaitu:Pondok Pesantren Al Mubaarak, Pondok Pesantren Harsalakum, Pondok Pesantren Pancasila, Pondok Pesantren Darussalam dan Pondok Pesantren Hidayatullah dengan jumlah subjek 128 siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data yaitu teknik tabulasi frekuensi. Hasil Penelitian membuktikan bahwa pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani mempengaruhi kondisi kebugaran jasmani. Berdasarkan analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi kebugaran jasmani siswa Pondok pesantren dengan hasil tes lari 2400 Meter dalam bentuk presentase sebagai berikut:Siswa dengan kebugaran jasmani baik sekali 0%, siswa dengan kebugaran jasmani baik 23 orang atau 17,96%, siswa dengan kebugaran jasmani sedang 73 orang atau 57,03%, siswa dengan kebugaran jasmani yang kurang 28 orang atau 21,87% dan Siswa dengan Kebugaran jasmani yang sangat kurang yaitu 4 orang atau 03,14%. Jadi berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa kondisi kebugaran jasmani berdasarkan jenis kelamin siswa Pendidikan Pondok Pesantren di Kota Bengkulu yaitu untuk kelompok laki-laki 11,27 menit yaitu sedang, untuk kelompok perempuan waktu rata-rata 15,02 yaitu Sedang.Kata kunci : Kebugaran, Siswa-Siswi Pondok Pesantren, Kota Bengkulu Abstract This study aims to determine the condition of physical fitness of students educational boarding school in the city of Bengkulu. This study uses descriptive qualitative research. In doing this research there are 10 populations boarding school in the city of Bengkulu, Then grab sample 5 as follows: Al Mubaarak Boarding Schools, Harsalakum Boarding Schools, Pancasila Boarding Schools, Darussalam Boarding Schools and Hidayatullah Boarding Schools by the number of subjects 128 students. This study uses data analysis techniques, namely frequency tabulation technique. Research proves that learning physical education influence the condition of physical fitness. Based on data analysis can be concluded that the condition of physical fitness of students PondokPesantren with the results of a test run 2400 meters in the form of a percentage as follows: Students with good physical fitness once 0%, students with good physical fitness 23 people or 17.96%, students with physical fitness were 73 people or 57.03%, students with less physical fitness 28 people or 21.87% and students with physical Fitness very less that 4 people or 03.14%. So based on the findings that the conditions of physical fitness by sex Boarding Schools Education students in the city of Bengkulu, namely for the group of men 11.27 minutes which was, for women the average time of 15.02 is Medium.Keywords: Fitness, Students Boarding School, City of Bengkulu

In-situ sampling of available calcium using diffusive gradients in thin-films technique based on benzo-crown ether-functionalised silica as the binding agent

Environmental contextLow availability of calcium (Ca2+) in soils is one of the major factors in Ca2+ deficiency of plants and physiological plant disorders. A device based on functionalised silica was developed for in-situ measurement of the available Ca2+ in soils. Application of the proposed device to measure available Ca2+ may help to develop and improve agricultural practices. AbstractCalcium is an ion of particular interest due to its importance in plant nutrition and soil structure. A novel device of diffusion gradients in thin-films (DGT) based on the benzo-crown ether-functionalised silica (BCES) as the binding agent and the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane as diffusive layer (BCES-DGT) was developed for in-situ sampling of available calcium (Ca2+) in freshwater and soil samples. The performance characteristics of the BCES-DGT device were assessed. The BCES was prepared using the sol-gel process and characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and N2 adsorption–desorption. Results evinced that BCES was obtained successfully with a rough wrinkled surface and good specific surface area of 111.3 m2 g−1. The diffusion coefficient of Ca2+ ions in PES membrane was found to be 1.23 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 at 25 °C and was independent of pH in the range of 3–10 and ionic strength (as pNaCl) from 1 to 3. The high binding capacity of BCES binding gel for Ca2+ ions was determined to be 9822.4 ± 452.9 μg Ca2+/disk and was conducive to the deployment of long-term or high concentration. The BCES-DGT device can accurately measure the concentrations of Ca2+ over wide ranges of ionic strengths (1–3 as pNaCl) and pH (5–10). There was no significant interference on the uptake of Ca2+ by the BCES-DGT device at the tolerance limits up to 500 for Mg2+, Li+, HCO3−, H2PO4−, NO3− and SO42−, 250 for Sr2+, 2000 for K+ and 50 for fulvic acid. The results from BCES-DGT device were in excellent agreement with those measured directly using ion selective electrode in several water and soil samples. Field application in river water indicated that a good agreement was obtained between BCES-DGT value and mean grab sample measurements of Ca2+ and that the relative standard deviation of BCES-DGT measurement (4.7 %) was superior to that of grab sample measurements (13.5 %), suggesting that BCES-DGT was reliable for in-situ sampling and measurement of available Ca2+ with good accuracy and precision.