Biomass-Gasifier/Gas-Turbine Cogeneration in the Pulp and Paper Industry

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Capital Costs

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion is raising new interest in using renewable biomass for energy. Modest-scale cogeneration systems using air-blown gasifiers coupled to aeroderivative gas turbines are expected to have high efficiencies and low unit capital costs, making them well-suited for use with biomass. Biomass-gasifier/gas-turbine (BIG/GT) technology is not commercial, but efforts aimed at near-term commercialization are ongoing worldwide. Estimated performance and cost and prospects for commercial development of two BIG/GT systems are described, one using solid biomass fuel (e.g. wood chips), the other using kraft black liquor. At an energy-efficient kraft pulp mill, a BIG/GT cogeneration system could produce over three times as much electricity as is typically produced today. The mill’s on-site energy needs could be met and a large surplus of electricity would be available for export. Using in addition currently unutilized forest residues for fuel, electricity production would be nearly five times today’s level. The total cost to produce the electricity in excess of on-site needs is estimated to be below 4 cents per kWh in most cases. At projected growth rates for kraft pulp production, the associated biomass residue fuels could support up to 100 GW of BIG/GT capacity at kraft pulp mills worldwide in 2020 (30 GW in the US). The excess electricity production worldwide in 2020 would be equivalent to 10% of today’s electricity production from fossil fuels.

Biomass-Gasifier/Gas Turbine Cogeneration in the Pulp and Paper Industry

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Capital Costs

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion is raising new interest in using renewable biomass for energy. Modest-scale cogeneration systems using air-blown gasifiers coupled to aeroderivative gas turbines are expected to have high efficiencies and low unit capital costs, making them well-suited for use with biomass. Biomass-gasifier/gas turbine (BIG/GT) technology is not commercial, but efforts aimed at near-term commercialization are ongoing worldwide. Estimated performance and cost and prospects for commercial development of two BIG/GT systems are described, one using solid biomass fuel (e.g., wood chips), the other using kraft black liquor. At an energy-efficient kraft pulp mill, a BIG/GT cogeneration system could produce over three times as much electricity as is typically produced today. The mill’s on-site energy needs could be met and a large surplus of electricity would be available for export. Using in addition currently unutilized forest residues for fuel, electricity production would be nearly five times today’s level. The total cost to produce the electricity in excess of on-site needs is estimated to be below 4 cents per kWh in most cases. At projected growth rates for kraft pulp production, the associated biomass residue fuels could support up to 100 GW of BIG/GT capacity at kraft pulp mills worldwide in 2020 (30 GW in the US). The excess electricity production worldwide in 2020 would be equivalent to 10 percent of today’s electricity production from fossil fuels.

Combined Biomass and Black Liquor Gasifier/Gas Turbine Cogeneration at Pulp and Paper Mills

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Larson ◽  
T. G. Kreutz ◽  
S. Consonni
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills

Kraft pulp and paper mills generate large quantities of black liquor and byproduct biomass suitable for gasification. These fuels are used today for onsite cogeneration of heat and power in boiler/steam turbine systems. Gasification technologies under development would enable these fuels to be used in gas turbines. This paper reports results of detailed full-load performance modeling of pulp-mill cogeneration systems, based on gasifier/gas turbine technologies and, for comparison, on conventional steam-turbine cogeneration technologies. Pressurized, oxygen-blown black liquor gasification, the most advanced of proposed commercial black liquor gasifier designs, is considered, together with three alternative biomass gasifier designs under commercial development (high-pressure air-blown, low-pressure air-blown, and low-pressure indirectly-heated). Heavy-duty industrial gas turbines of the 70-MWe and 25-MWe class are included in the analysis. Results indicate that gasification-based cogeneration with biomass-derived fuels would transform a typical pulp mill into a significant power exporter and would also offer possibilities for net reductions in emissions of carbon dioxide relative to present practice.

Combined Biomass and Black Liquor Gasifier/Gas Turbine Cogeneration at Pulp and Paper Mills

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Larson ◽  
Thomas G. Kreutz ◽  
Stefano Consonni
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills

Kraft pulp and paper mills generate large quantities of black liquor and byproduct biomass suitable for gasification. These fuels are used today for onsite cogeneration of heat and power in boiler/steam turbine systems. Gasification technologies under development would enable these fuels to be used in gas turbines. This paper reports results of detailed full-load performance modeling of pulp-mill cogeneration systems based on gasifier/gas turbine technologies and, for comparison, on conventional steam-turbine cogeneration technologies. Pressurized, oxygen-blown black liquor gasification, the most advanced of proposed commercial black liquor gasifier designs, is considered, together with three alternative biomass gasifier designs under commercial development (high-pressure air-blown, low-pressure air-blown, and low-pressure indirectly-heated). Heavy-duty industrial gas turbines of the 70-MWe and 25-MWe class are included in the analysis. Results indicate that gasification-based cogeneration with biomass-derived fuels would transform a typical pulp mill into a significant power exporter and would also offer possibilities for net reductions in emissions of carbon dioxide relative to present practice.

Integration of Advanced Gas Turbines in Pulp and Paper Mills for Increased Power Generation

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 734-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Maunsbach ◽  
A. Isaksson ◽  
J. Yan ◽  
G. Svedberg ◽  
L. Eidensten
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Combined Cycles

The pulp and paper industry handles large amounts of energy and today produces the steam needed for the process and some of the required electricity. Several studies have shown that black liquor gasification and combined cycles increase the power production significantly compared to the traditional processes used today. It is of interest to investigate the performance when advanced gas turbines are integrated with next-generation pulp and paper mills. The present study focused on comparing the combined cycle with the integration of advanced gas turbines such as steam injected gas turbine (STIG) and evaporative gas turbine (EvGT) in pulp and paper mills. Two categories of simulations have been performed: (1) comparison of gasification of both black liquor and biomass connected to either a combined cycle or steam injected gas turbine with a heat recovery steam generator; (2) externally fired gas turbine in combination with the traditional recovery boiler. The energy demand of the pulp and paper mills is satisfied in all cases and the possibility to deliver a power surplus for external use is verified. The study investigates new system combinations of applications for advanced gas turbines.

scholarly journals Effect of polysulfide pulping process on the energy balance of softwood and hardwood kraft pulp mills

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satu Lipiäinen ◽  
Katja Kuparinen ◽  
Esa Vakkilainen
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mills

Abstract Polysulfide pulping is a method to increase the pulp yield in a kraft pulp mill. Higher production is in the core of pulp mill process development, but modifications in cooking raise questions on their effects on the other parts of the process. This study focuses on the impacts of polysulfide pulping on the energy use and production of kraft pulp mills. The impacts are estimated by calculating and analyzing the steam and electricity balances of reference softwood and hardwood mills. Energy generation using residual biomass is an essential part of the operation of a kraft pulp mill, and often a notable source of income. The results show that implementation of polysulfide cooking affects both energy consumption and production. Higher hemicelluloses content of pulp cooked using polysulfide liquor means that less organic material ends up in the black liquor. Subsequently, the recovery boiler energy production suffers. The reduced steam production together with increased steam consumption decreased electricity production, corresponding to a decline in sellable electricity of 22.4 % in the hardwood mill and 28.4 % in the softwood mill. The study shows that increasing the pulp production by investing in polysulfide cooking in stand-alone kraft pulp mills can be economically feasible.

Integration of Advanced Gas Turbines in Pulp and Paper Mills for Increased Power Generation

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Maunsbach ◽  
Anna Isaksson ◽  
Jinyue Yan ◽  
Gunnar Svedberg ◽  
Lars Eidensten
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Combined Cycles

The pulp and paper industry handles large amounts of energy and today produces the steam needed for the process and some of the required electricity. Several studies have shown that black liquor gasification and combined cycles increase the power production significantly compared to the traditional processes used today. It is of interest to investigate the performance when advanced gas turbines are integrated with next-generation pulp and paper mills. The present study focused on comparing the combined cycle with the integration of advanced gas turbines such as steam injected gas turbine (STIG) and evaporative gas turbine (EvGT) in pulp and paper mills. Two categories of simulations have been performed: (1) comparison of gasification of both black liquor and biomass connected to either a combined cycle or steam injected gas turbine with a heat recovery steam generator; (2) externally fired gas turbine in combination with the traditional recovery boiler. The energy demand of the pulp and paper mills is satisfied in all cases and the possibility to deliver a power surplus for external use is verified. The study investigates new system combinations of applications for advanced gas turbines.

scholarly journals Acute ecotoxicity on Daphnia magna to evaluate effluent samples of Kraft pulp mill treated by UV/H2O2 process

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joicy Micheletto ◽  
Naiara Mariana Fiori Monteiro Sampaio ◽  
Henrique Zavattieri Ruiz ◽  
Lucia Regina Rocha Martins ◽  
Marcus Vinicius de Liz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Ph Variation ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Kraft Process ◽  
Oxidant Concentration ◽  
Apparent Color

The pulp and paper industry is one of world’s largest water consumers, generating high volumes of effluents. The Kraft process produces effluents with high BOD, COD, suspended solids, lignin and a myriad of potentially toxic compounds, which require treatment before discharge into the aquatic environment. Advanced oxidation processes, such as UV/H2O2, have been applied as treatment alternatives because they can destroy many compounds before they mineralize. However, when the oxidation process is incomplete, occurs could be produced by products with high toxicity. This study evaluated the acute toxicity on Daphnia magna of two effluent samples of Kraft pulp mill (KE1 and KE2) treated by UV/H2O2 process. The effects of the pH variation and oxidant concentration on the removal of DOC, total UV-vis spectral area and apparent color were considered to adjust the experiments’ conditions with diluted effluent KE1. Both samples were treated at pH 4.0 and 70 mg L-1 of H2O2 for 40 min, achieving removals of up to 69.4% in apparent color, 73.7% of phenolic compounds and 68.9% of lignin compounds. When the reaction was applied in undiluted effluent samples, the acute toxicity for Daphnia magna decreased for KE1 after 780 min of treatment, whereas KE2 became four times more toxic. The data showed that although the treatment had been efficient considering physics and chemicals parameters, it is necessary follow the oxidative processes with ecotoxicological bioassays to guarantee their safety, since different effluents of the Kraft pulp mill could present different levels of organic compound mineralization.

Combined Heat and Power: Gas Turbine Operational Flexibility

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James DiCampli
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
National Fire Protection Association ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Gas Fuel

Combined heat and power (CHP) is an application that utilizes the exhaust heat generated from a gas turbine and converts it into a useful energy source for heating & cooling, or additional electric generation in combined cycle configurations. Compared to simple-cycle plants with no heat recovery, CHP plants emit fewer greenhouse gasses and other emissions, while generating significantly more useful energy per unit of fuel consumed. Clean plants are easier to permit, build and operate. Because of these advantages, projections show CHP capacity is expected to double and account for 24% of global electricity production by 2030. An aeroderivative power plant has distinct advantages to meet CHP needs. These include high thermal efficiency, low cost, easy installation, proven reliability, compact design for urban areas, simple operation and maintenance, fuel flexibility, and full power generation in a very short time period. There has been extensive discussion and analyses on modifying purge requirements on cycling units for faster dispatch. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has required an air purge of downstream systems prior to startup to preclude potentially flammable or explosive conditions. The auto ignition temperature of natural gas fuel is around 800°F. Experience has shown that if the exhaust duct contains sufficient concentrations of captured gas fuel, and is not purged, it can ignite immediately during light off causing extensive damage to downstream equipment. The NFPA Boiler and Combustion Systems Hazards Code Committee have developed new procedures to safely provide for a fast-start capability. The change in the code was issued in the 2011 Edition of NFPA 85 and titled the Combustion Turbine Purge Credit. For a cycling plant and hot start conditions, implementation of purge credit can reduce normal start-to-load by 15–30 minutes. Part of the time saving is the reduction of the purge time itself, and the rest is faster ramp rates due to a higher initial temperature and pressure in the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). This paper details the technical analysis and implementation of the NFPA purge credit recommendations on GE Power and Water aeroderivative gas turbines. This includes the hardware changes, triple block and double vent valve system (or drain for liquid fuels), and software changes that include monitoring and alarms managed by the control system.

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