scholarly journals Centralized Control Techniques for the Citrus Concentrating Plant

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Tank Farm ◽  
Instrument Engineer

There is a strong tendency within the citrus industry to regard the citrus concentrating plant as being a series of discrete operations. From the viewpoint of the instrument engineer the process is a continuous one, incorporating three major dead time areas: (a) the fruit bins, (b) the surge (evaporator feed) tanks, and (c) the tank farm At all other points in the process the product can be treated as a continuous flow. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals Citrus Tank Farm Level Control

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Groh
Keyword(s):  
Automated Systems ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Bulk Solids ◽  
Tank Farm ◽  
Manual Methods ◽  
Inventory Holding ◽  
Tax Costs

Level control is an increasingly important issue for a variety of industries involved in the production, processing, or packaging of liquids or bulk solids, such as the citrus industry. The growing importance of level control is driven by several factors. First, many companies simply have not had adequate methods of level control, relying on rough measurements of inflow and outflow, or purely manual methods. These companies have been ‘flying blind’ and unable to accurately ascertain their inventory conditions, resulting in a host of operational problems. As these companies invest in automated systems, level is one of many inputs that need to be properly monitored. Second, more companies are seeking to manage and reduce their inventory levels in order to reduce both the capital and tax costs of inventory holding. Paper published with permission.

Divergent beam microanalysis studies of bimetallic platinum catalysts supported on γ-AL2O3

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
JR Fryer ◽  
Z Huang ◽  
D Stirling ◽  
G. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Dead Time ◽  
Platinum Catalysts ◽  
Beam Intensity ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Divergent Beam ◽  
Bimetallic Systems ◽  
Reforming Catalyst ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Individual Particles

Platinum dispersed on γ-alumina is used as a reforming catalyst to convert linear hydrocarbons to cyclic aromatic products. To improve selectivity and lifetime of the catalyst, other elements are included, and we have studied the distributions of Pt/Re, and Pt/Sn, bimetallic systems on the support both before and after use in octane reforming. Often, one or both of the components are not resolvable by HREM or microanalysis as individual particles because of small size and lack of contrast on the alumina, and divergent beam microanalysis has been used to establish the presence and relationship between the two elements.In the majority of catalysts the platinum is in the form of small panicles, some of which are large enough to be resolvable in the microscope. The ABT002B microscope with Link windowless Pentafet detector, used in this work, was able to obtain a resolvable signal from particles of 2nm diameter upwards. When the beam was concentrated on to such a particle the signal was at a maximum, and as the beam diameter was diverged - at the same total beam intensity and dead time - the signal decreased as shown in Figure 1.

Precision and bias in quantitative EDS: ASTM results

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1654-1655
Author(s):  
John J. Friel
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Alloy ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Round Robin Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
American Society ◽  
Takeoff Angle ◽  
Standardless Analysis

Committee E-04 on Metallography of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) conducted an interlaboratory round robin test program on quantitative energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The test program was designed to produce data on which to base a precision and bias statement for quantitative analysis by EDS. Nine laboratories were sent specimens of two well characterized materials, a type 308 stainless steel, and a complex mechanical alloy from Inco Alloys International, Inconel® MA 6000. The stainless steel was chosen as an example of a straightforward analysis with no special problems. The mechanical alloy was selected because elements were present in a wide range of concentrations; K, L, and M lines were involved; and Ta was severely overlapped with W. The test aimed to establish limits of precision that could be routinely achieved by capable laboratories operating under real world conditions. The participants were first allowed to use their own best procedures, but later were instructed to repeat the analysis using specified conditions: 20 kV accelerating voltage, 200s live time, ∼25% dead time and ∼40° takeoff angle. They were also asked to run a standardless analysis.

Catalyst- and oxidant-free electrochemical para-selective hydroxylation of N-arylamides in batch and continuous-flow

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 6437-6443
Author(s):  
Cheng-Kou Liu ◽  
Meng-Yi Chen ◽  
Xin-Xin Lin ◽  
Zheng Fang ◽  
Kai Guo
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Selective Hydroxylation

A catalyst-, oxidant-, acidic solvent- and quaternary ammonium salt-free electrochemical para-selective hydroxylation of N-arylamides at rt in batch and continuous-flow was developed.

‘Wealth of information’ on control techniques

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
C.W, Painter
Keyword(s):  
Control Techniques
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