Selective Disassembly and Simultaneous End-of-Life Decision Making for Multiple Products

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Behdad ◽  
Minjung Kwak ◽  
Harrison Kim ◽  
Deborah Thurston
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Capacity Limits ◽  
Multiple Products ◽  
Take Back ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Selective Disassembly ◽  
End Of Life Decision

Environmental protection legislation, consumer interest in “green” products, a trend towards corporate responsibility and recognition of the potential profitability of salvaging operations have resulted in increased interest in product take-back. However, the cost-effectiveness of product take-back operations is hampered by many factors, including the high cost of disassembly and a widely varying feedstock of dissimilar products. Two types of decisions must be made; how to carry out the disassembly process in the most efficient manner to “mine” the value-added that is still embedded in the product, and then how to best utilize that value-added once it is recovered. This paper presents a method for making those decisions. The concept of a transition matrix is integrated with mixed integer linear programming to determine the extent to which products should be disassembled, and simultaneously determine the optimal end of life (EOL) strategy for each resultant component or subassembly. The main contribution of this paper is the simultaneous consideration of selective disassembly, multiple products, and the value added that remains in each component or subassembly. Shared disassembly operations and capacity limits are considered. An example using two cell phone products illustrates application of the model.

Simultaneous Selective Disassembly and End-of-Life Decision Making for Multiple Products That Share Disassembly Operations

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Behdad ◽  
Minjung Kwak ◽  
Harrison Kim ◽  
Deborah Thurston
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Multiple Products ◽  
Take Back ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Selective Disassembly

Environmental protection legislation, consumer interest in “green” products, a trend toward corporate responsibility and recognition of the potential profitability of salvaging operations, has resulted in increased interest in product take back. However, the cost effectiveness of product take-back operations is hampered by many factors, including the high cost of disassembly and a widely varying feedstock of dissimilar products. Two types of decisions must be made, how to carry out the disassembly process in the most efficient manner to “mine” the value-added that is still embedded in the product, and then how to best utilize that value-added once it is recovered. This paper presents a method for making those decisions. The concept of a transition matrix is integrated with mixed integer linear programming to determine the extent to which products should be disassembled and simultaneously determine the optimal end-of-life (EOL) strategy for each resultant component or subassembly. The main contribution of this paper is the simultaneous consideration of selective disassembly, multiple products, and the value added that remains in each component or subassembly. Shared disassembly operations and capacity limits are considered. An example using two cell phone products illustrates application of the model. The obtained results demonstrate the most economical level of disassembly for each cell phone and the best EOL options for each resultant module. In addition, the cell phone example shows that sharing disassembly operations between different products makes disassembly more cost effective compared with the case in which each product is disassembled separately.

End-of-Life Decision Making With Uncertain Product Return Quantity

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Behdad ◽  
Aida Sefic Williams ◽  
Deborah Thurston
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Chance Constrained Programming ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Stochastic Programming Model ◽  
Constrained Programming ◽  
End Of Life Decision ◽  
High Degree

The management of end-of-life electronic waste (e-waste) attracts significant attention due to environmental concerns, legislative requirements, consumer interest in green products, and the market image of manufacturers. However, managing e-waste is complicated by several factors, including the high degree of uncertainty of quantity, timing of arrival, and quality of the returned products. This variability in the stream of returned end-of-life (EOL) products makes it difficult to plan for remanufacturing facility materials, equipment, and human resource requirements. The aim of this research is to tackle the uncertainty associated with the quantity of received used products. A stochastic programming model for waste stream acquisition systems (as opposed to market-driven systems) is introduced. The model considers the quantity of returned product as an uncertain parameter and determines to what extent the product should be disassembled and what is the best EOL option for each subassembly. The stochastic model is defined in a form of chance constrained programming and is then converted to a mixed integer linear programming. An example is provided to illustrate the application of the model for an uncertain stream of PCs (minus monitor and keyboard) received in a PC refurbishing company. The remanufacturer must then decide which proportion of disassembled modules should be processed given specific remanufacturing options.

End of Life Decision Making for Used Products With Uncertain Quantity of Return

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Behdad ◽  
Aida Sefic Williams ◽  
Deborah Thurston
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Chance Constrained Programming ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Consumer Interests ◽  
Constrained Programming ◽  
End Of Life Decision ◽  
High Degree

The management of end-of-life electronic waste (e-waste) attracts significant attention due to environmental concerns, legislative requirements, consumer interests in green products and market image of manufacturers. However, managing e-waste is complicated by some factors including the high degree of uncertainty of quantity, timing of arrival and quality of the returned products. The variability in the stream of returned end of life (EOL) products makes it difficult to plan for facility materials, equipment and human resource requirements. The aim of this research is to tackle the uncertainty associated with the quantity of received used products. A stochastic programming model for waste stream acquisition systems (compare to market driven systems) is introduced. The model considers the quantity of returned product as an uncertain parameter and determines to what extend the product should be disassembled and what is the best end of life option for each subassembly. The stochastic model is defined in a form of chance constrained programming and is then converted to a mixed integer linear programming. An example is provided to show the application of the model for an uncertain stream of CPUs received in a refurbishing company. Remanufacturers must then decide which proportion of disassembled modules should be processed given specific remanufacturing options.

End-of-Life Decision-Making in Canada: The Report by the Royal Society of Canada Expert Panel on End-of-Life Decision-Making

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udo Schuklenk ◽  
Johannes J. M. van Delden ◽  
Jocelyn Downie ◽  
Sheila McLean ◽  
Ross Upshur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
End Of Life Decision ◽  
Life Decision

The implications of the Mental Capacity Act (MCA) 2005 for advance care planning and decision making

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Chapman ◽  
Ben Lobo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Advance Care Planning ◽  
Care Planning ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Advance Care ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Mental Capacity Act ◽  
End Of Life Decision

This chapter provides an overview of the MCA’s impact on end-of-life care. It situates the MCA in the current context of policy and practice. It describes how the MCA can be used to improve care, enable people to express and protect choices, and empower and enable the professional and/or the proxy decision maker. It also presents an introduction and explanation of the role of the IMCA and how it might apply to advance care planning (ACP) and end of life decision making, and an explanation of the legal and ethical process involved in reaching best interest decisions, especially for potentially vulnerable people in care homes and other settings.

scholarly journals Attitudes of the Equestrian Public towards Equine End-of-Life Decisions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1776
Author(s):  
Catherine Bell ◽  
Suzanne Rogers
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
End Of Life Decisions ◽  
Life Decisions ◽  
End Of Life Decision ◽  
Physical Reasons ◽  
Horse Owners

A key welfare concern for the equine population in the U.K. has been identified as delayed death, leading to prolonged suffering of horses. Reasons why some horse owners fail to have their horses euthanised include financial cost, emotional attachment, peer pressure, negative attitudes towards killing and poor recognition of behavioural indicators of equine pain and stress. The Five Freedoms framework of welfare was used to build a Likert-style survey to investigate the factors underlying attitudes of horse owners towards welfare measures in an end-of-life decision. Participants were asked to respond to hypothetical welfare scenarios and to give details of any horses they had had euthanised. The survey was conducted predominantly via equestrian Facebook groups and obtained 160 participant responses. Reliability of the scale was acceptable, with Cronbach’s α=0.89. Principal Component Analysis was used to load the hypothetical scenarios onto seven factors containing 62.2% of the variance. The first four factors could be categorized according to “Ethology-informed Management”, “Traditional Horse Management”, “Emotional Issues” and “Physical Issues”. Participants were more likely to consider euthanasia for physical issues, compared with issues relating to affective state and/or ethology, although it was not clear whether this was due to disregard for welfare issues relating to mental health or failure to recognise them as such. A large number of responses stated that the scenario had no bearing on whether a horse should be euthanised, again suggesting a lack of recognition of welfare issues and their implications. When asked to state their reasons for euthanising their horses, participants cited almost exclusively physical reasons, with the exception of those citing dangerous behaviour. Only a small number of responses also included consideration of affective and/or ethological factors, suggesting that welfare issues concerning affective state and/or behaviour are at risk of omission from end-of-life decisions.

Information Pamphlet Given to Relatives During the End-of-Life Decision in the ICU

CHEST Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvaine Robin ◽  
Cyrielle Labarriere ◽  
Guillaume Sechaud ◽  
Geraldine Dessertaine ◽  
Jean-Luc Bosson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
End Of Life Decision ◽  
Life Decision
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