Fused Closed-Loop Flight Dynamics and Wake Interaction Modeling of Tethered Energy Systems

In this paper, we present a fused flight dynamics and wake interaction modeling framework for arrays (farms) of tethered wind and marine hydrokinetic energy systems. The replacement of conventional towers with tethers necessitates a dynamic model that captures the flight characteristics of each system, whereas the arrangement of the systems in an array necessitates a wake interaction model. The integration of these components is unique to the tethered energy systems literature and is applicable to both airborne wind energy systems and tethered marine hydrokinetic energy systems. In the application case study of this paper, we focus specifically on arrays of ocean current turbines (OCTs), which are intended to operate in the deep waters of the Gulf Stream, adjacent to the eastern coast of the United States. In particular, we evaluate the dynamic performance and resulting projected energy output of an array of tethered OCTs, based on real Gulf Stream resource data from an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) located adjacent to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.

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Gulf Stream Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina

Marine Technology Society Journal ◽

10.4031/mtsj.54.6.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 24-36

Author(s):

Michael Muglia ◽

Harvey Seim ◽

Patterson Taylor

Keyword(s):

Turbulent Mixing ◽

Gulf Stream ◽

Velocity Structure ◽

Vertical Shear ◽

Small Scale ◽

Western Boundary ◽

Horizontal Shear ◽

Hydrokinetic Energy ◽

Cape Hatteras ◽

Marine Hydrokinetic

AbstractMulti-year measurements of current velocity, salinity, and temperature from fixed and vessel-mounted sensors quantify Gulf Stream (GS) marine hydrokinetic energy (MHK) resource variability and inform development off Cape Hatteras, NC. Vessel transects across the GS demonstrate a jet-like velocity structure with speeds exceeding 2.5 m/s at the surface, persistent horizontal shear throughout the jet, and strongest vertical shears within the cyclonic shear zone. Persistent equatorward flow at the base of the GS associated with the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) produces a local maximum in vertical shear where stratification is weak and is postulated to be a site of strong turbulent mixing. Repeated transects at the same location demonstrate that the velocity structure depends upon whether the GS abuts the shelf slope or is offshore.Currents from a fixed acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) deployed on the shoreward side of the GS exceed 1 m/s 64% of the time 40 m below the surface. The 3.75-year time series of currents from the ADCP mooring document large, roughly weekly variations in downstream and cross-stream speed (−0.5 to 2.5 m/s) and shear (± 0.05 s−1) over the entire water column due to passage of GS meanders and frontal eddies. Current reversals from the mean GS direction occur several times a month, and longer period variations in GS offshore position can result in reduced currents for weeks at a time. Unresolved small-scale shear is postulated to contribute significantly to turbulent mixing.

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RECENT EXPLORATIONS IN THE REGION OF THE GULF-STREAM OFF THE EASTERN COAST OF THE UNITED STATES BY THE U. S. FISH-COMMISSION

Science ◽

10.1126/science.ns-2.27.153 ◽

1883 ◽

Vol ns-2 (27) ◽

pp. 153-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Gulf Stream ◽

The United States ◽

Eastern Coast ◽

Fish Commission

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RECENT EXPLORATIONS IN THE REGION OF THE GULF STREAM OFF THE EASTERN COAST OF THE UNITED STATES BY THE U. S. FISH-COMMISSION

Science ◽

10.1126/science.ns-1.16.443 ◽

1883 ◽

Vol ns-1 (16) ◽

pp. 443-447

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Gulf Stream ◽

The United States ◽

Eastern Coast ◽

Fish Commission

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The Gulf Stream and the Californian Current as Factors Affecting the Behavior and Health of Americans

Journal of Human Physiology ◽

10.30564/jhp.v3i2.4177 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Yuri Pivovarenko

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Gulf Stream ◽

Geomagnetic Field ◽

Vertical Component ◽

The United States ◽

Electric Polarization ◽

Eastern Coast ◽

Sargasso Sea ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Sea Currents

Due to the existence of the Earth's geomagnetic field, Lorentz’s forces constantly act on all sea currents. These forces distribute the charges of sea currents in both vertical and horizontal directions. In particular, this distribution manifests itself in the electric polarization of sea currents in directions perpendicular to them. So, earlier it was shown that the same Lorentz forces cause negative electrization of the Sargasso Sea. It is also shown here that the positive electrization of the western edge of the Gulf Stream and, consequently, the eastern coast of the United States is also caused by the Lorentz force arising from the interaction of this sea current with the vertical component of the geomagnetic field. It is also shown here that the positive electrization of east edge of California Current together with west coast of USA is also caused due to the similar reasons. All this allows us to conclude that an increased concentration of positive air ions is constantly retained in the air both in the east and in the west of the United States. This situation has caused the need for an analysis of how the predominantly positive electrization of the air affects both human health and their physical and mental activity. The results of this analysis are presented here. It is also shown that these results can be useful for residents of some other countries.

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