Traumatic Events in Human Head: Biomechanical Insight by Means of a Finite Element Model

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Belingardi ◽  
Giorgio Chiandussi ◽  
Ivan Gaviglio
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Element Model ◽  
The Impact

Head injuries due to traumatic events in case of head impact are one of the main causes of death or permanent invalidity in vehicle crash. The main purpose of the present work is to evaluate pressure and stress distributions in bones and brain tissues of a human head due to an impact by means of numerical simulations. Pressures and stresses in the different zones of the head can be related to the main brain injuries as verified by head traumatology doctors. The availability of a numerical model of head allows to quantify the relationship between type and intensity of the impact and the possible head injury. This capability represents a relevant step torward an effective traumatic injury prevention. The proposed numerical model is quite complex although some simplifications have been introduced like modeling all the inner organs as a continuum without sliding interfaces or fluid elements. Geometrical characteristics for the finite element model have been extracted from CT (Computer Tomography) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Image) scanner images, while material mechanical characteristics have been taken from literature. The model has been validated by comparing the numerical results and the experimental results from literature. The protecting action of the ventricles and of several membranes (dura mater, tentorium and falx) has been evaluated.

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE HUMAN HEAD UNDER SIDE CAR CRASH IMPACTS AT DIFFERENT SPEEDS

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 1440002 ◽  
Author(s):  
XINGQIAO DENG ◽  
SHOU AN CHEN ◽  
R. PRABHU ◽  
YUANYUAN JIANG ◽  
Y. MAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Car Crash ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
The Impact

Mechanical response of the human head under a side car crash impact is crucial for modeling traumatic brain injuries (TBI) or concussions. The current advances in computational methods and the finite element models of the human head provide a significant opportunity for biomechanical study of brain injuries; however, limited experimental data is available for delineating the injury relationship between the head injury criteria (HIC) and the tensile pressure or von Mises stress. In this research, we assess human head injuries in a side impact car crash using finite element (FE) simulations that quantify the tensile pressures and maximum strain profiles. In doing so, five FE analyses for the human head have been carried out to investigate the correlations between the HIC measured in the dummy model at different moving deformable barrier (MDB) velocities increasing from 10 mph to 30 mph in 5 mph increments and the pressure and von Mises stress of the skull, the skin, the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and the brain. The computational simulation results for the tensile pressures and von Mises stresses correlated well with the HIC15 and peak accelerations. Also a second-order polynomial seemed to fit the stress levels to the impact speeds and as such the presented method for using FE human head analysis could be used for reconstruction of head impacts in different side car crash conditions; furthermore, the head model would provide a tool for investigation of the cause and mechanisms of head injuries once the type and locations of injuries are quantified.

ANALYSES OF PEDESTRIAN’S HEAD-TO-WINDSHIELD IMPACT BIOMECHANICAL RESPONSES AND HEAD INJURIES USING A HEAD FINITE ELEMENT MODEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950063 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHIHUA CAI ◽  
YUN XIA ◽  
XINGYUAN HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Inclination Angles ◽  
Biomechanical Responses ◽  
The Impact

Head injuries in the vehicle crashes or pedestrian accidents can usually cause death or permanent disabilities, and head injuries resulting from the impact of car windshields remain a major problem. Anatomically, more realistic head models are required to more accurately document and evaluate the head-to-windshield impact responses and head injuries. The current study developed a head finite element model and carried out various simulations to investigate the head-to-windshield impact biomechanical responses and assess the head injuries. First, a 50th percentile three-dimensional finite element head model was developed and validated by using previously published cadaver experimental data. Then, the biomechanical responses were predicted under a head-to-windshield impact at different impact velocities (10, 12, and15[Formula: see text]m/s) and different inclination angles of the windshield (35∘, 40∘, and 45∘). Finally, head injuries were investigated through examining various injury parameters. The results indicated that the contact force, the acceleration, the intracranial pressure, the deformation of the skull, and the negative pressure rose when the impact velocity and the inclination angles increased. Thus, the vehicle impact velocity and the inclination angle of the windshield greatly affect the severity of the resulting injuries on pedestrians’ heads, with the severity increasing with the impact velocity and windshield inclination angle.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Thickness Differential on the Formability of Aluminum Tailor Welded Blanks

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Jie Wu ◽  
Yuri Hovanski ◽  
Michael Miles
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Equivalent Plastic Strain ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Dome Height ◽  
Tailor Welded Blanks ◽  
Simulation Results

A finite element model is proposed to investigate the effect of thickness differential on Limiting Dome Height (LDH) testing of aluminum tailor-welded blanks. The numerical model is validated via comparison of the equivalent plastic strain and displacement distribution between the simulation results and the experimental data. The normalized equivalent plastic strain and normalized LDH values are proposed as a means of quantifying the influence of thickness differential for a variety of different ratios. Increasing thickness differential was found to decrease the normalized equivalent plastic strain and normalized LDH values, this providing an evaluation of blank formability.

Behavior of Structures Using Simple Plastic Hinge Theory

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramakrishnan Maruthayappan ◽  
Hamid M. Lankarani
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Computational Program ◽  
Hinge Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The behavior of structures under the impact or crash situations demands an efficient modeling of the system for its behavior to be predicted close to practical situations. The various formulations that are possible to model such systems are spring mass models, finite element models and plastic hinge models. Of these three techniques, the plastic hinge theory offers a more accurate model compared to the spring mass formulation and is much simpler than the finite element models. Therefore, it is desired to model the structure using plastic hinges and to use a computational program to predict the behavior of structures. In this paper, the behavior of some simple structures, ranging from an elementary cantilever beam to a torque box are predicted. It is also shown that the plastic hinge theory is a reliable method by comparing the results obtained from a plastic hinge model of an aviation seat structure with that obtained from a finite element model.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document