Visualizing Fluid Flows With X-Rays

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore J. Heindel ◽  
Terrence C. Jensen ◽  
Joseph N. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Density Map

There are several methods available to visualize fluid flows when one has optical access. However, when optical access is limited to near the boundaries or not available at all, alternative visualization methods are required. This paper will describe flow visualization using an X-ray system that is capable of digital X-ray radiography, digital X-ray stereography, and digital X-ray computed tomography (CT). The unique X-ray flow visualization facility will be briefly described, and then flow visualization of various systems will be shown. Radiographs provide a two-dimensional density map of a three dimensional process or object. Radiographic images of various multiphase flows will be presented. When two X-ray sources and detectors simultaneously acquire images of the same process or object from different orientations, stereographic imaging can be completed; this type of imaging will be demonstrated by trickling water through packed columns and by absorbing water in a porous medium. Finally, local time-averaged phase distributions can be determined from X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, and this will be shown by comparing CT images from two different gas-liquid sparged columns.

scholarly journals Multifractal analysis of mercury inclusions in quartz by X-ray computed tomography

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1365-1379
Author(s):  
T. Shibata ◽  
T. Maruoka ◽  
T. Echigo
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Diffusion Limited Aggregation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed

Abstract. In order to refine our understanding how fluid inclusions were trapped in the host minerals, we non-destructively observed mercury inclusions (liquid Hg0) in quartz samples using X-ray computed tomography (CT) technique. The X-ray CT apparatus can observe internal structures of the samples and give cross-sectional images from the transmission of the X-rays through the samples. From the cross-sectional images, we obtained three-dimensional spatial distributions of mercury inclusions, and quantitatively analyzed them using fractal and multifractal methods. Although the samples were from different mines, the resultant fractal dimensions were about 1.7 for the samples. The fractal dimensions were also close to those predicted by diffusion-limited aggregation models and percolation theory, which are controlled by the irreversible kinetics. Then, the mercury-bearing fluids were not primary fluid inclusions, but migrated into the pre-existing cracks of quartz crystals by diffusion processes.

scholarly journals Three‐dimensional X‐ray‐computed tomography of 3300‐ to 6000‐year‐old Citrullus seeds from Libya and Egypt compared to extant seeds throws doubts on species assignments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Wolcott ◽  
Guillaume Chomicki ◽  
Yannick M. Staedler ◽  
Krystyna Wasylikowa ◽  
Mark Nesbitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed

Three-dimensional analysis of plant structure using high-resolution X-ray computed tomography

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang H Stuppy ◽  
Jessica A Maisano ◽  
Matthew W Colbert ◽  
Paula J Rudall ◽  
Timothy B Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed

Three dimensional characterization of laser ablation craters using high resolution X-ray computed tomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Galmed ◽  
A. du Plessis ◽  
S.G. le Roux ◽  
E. Hartnick ◽  
H. Von Bergmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed

Rapid prototyping for orthopaedic surgery

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Potamianos ◽  
A A Amis ◽  
A J Forester ◽  
M McGurk ◽  
M Bircher
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Physical Relationship ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Joint Pathology ◽  
X Ray Computed

The revision of an orthopaedic procedure can present surgeons with the challenge of a complex reconstructive process. Orthopaedic surgery can also face considerable challenges in cases presenting extensive primary injuries with multiple bone fragmentation, as well as in cases presenting bone deformities. Radiographs are used routinely for orthopaedic surgical planning, yet they provide inadequate information on the precise three-dimensional extent of bone defects. Three-dimensional reconstructions from X-ray computed tomography offer superior visualization but are not portable for consultation or readily available in the operating theatre for guidance during a procedure. A physical model manufactured from X-ray computed tomography data can offer surgeons a clear understanding of complex anatomical detail, by providing an intuitive physical relationship between patient and model. Rapid prototyping was used for the construction of an anatomical model in a case presenting with a complex shoulder injury. The model provided a definitive interpretation of joint pathology and enabled a full assessment of the degree of injury.

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