Cadaveric Evaluation of Soft-Tissue Constraint in the Human Knee

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Cyr ◽  
Lorin Maletsky
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Passive Motion ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Knee Joint Kinematics ◽  
Motion Characteristics

The motion patterns of the human knee joint depend on its passive motion characteristics, which are described by the ligamentous and articular constraints. Since active motions, like walking and squatting are believe to fall within a passive envelope, the basis for the understanding of the knee joint kinematics lies in the description of its passive characteristics.

Evaluating Relationship Between Passive Knee Envelope and a Dynamically Simulated Walk

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit M. Mane ◽  
Lorin P. Maletsky
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Knee Joint Kinematics ◽  
Motion Characteristics ◽  
Muscle Activations ◽  
Tibiofemoral Kinematics

The motion patterns of the human knee joint depend on its passive motion characteristics, which are described by the ligamentious and articular constraints. Since active motions, like walking and squatting are believed to fall within a passive envelope, the basis for the understanding of the knee joint kinematics lies in the description of its passive constraint characteristics [1]. The link between the knee passive envelope and the kinematics during various dynamic activities has not been studied. It is unclear how the articular geometry and muscle activations of the knee influence the contribution of ligament constraints during dynamic activities. To explain the relationship between knee passive envelope and dynamic activities completely, new methodology must be developed. The objective of the present study was to estimate the effects of variation in passive knee envelope on the tibiofemoral kinematics during dynamically simulated gait using a multivariate analysis technique, principal component (PC) analysis.

Using MR Imaging and X-Ray Fluoroscopy to Quantify the Effects of Soft-Tissue Artifact on Measurement of Knee-Joint Kinematics

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massoud Akbarshahi ◽  
Justin W. Fernandez ◽  
Anthony Schache ◽  
Richard Baker ◽  
Marcus G. Pandy
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
Segmental Motion ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Knee Joint Kinematics ◽  
Soft Tissue Artifact

The ability to accurately measure joint kinematics in vivo is of critical importance to researchers in the field of biomechanics [1]. Applications range from the quantitative evaluation of different surgical techniques, treatment methods and/or implant designs, to the development of computer-based models capable of simulating normal and pathological musculoskeletal conditions [1,2]. Currently, non-invasive marker-based three dimensional (3D) motion analysis is the most commonly used method for quantitative assessment of normal and pathological locomotion. The accuracy of this technique is influenced by movement of the soft tissues relative to the underlying bones, which causes inaccuracies in the determination of segmental anatomical coordinate systems and tracking of segmental motion. The purpose of this study was to quantify the errors in the measurement of knee-joint kinematics due solely to soft-tissue artifact (STA) in healthy subjects. To facilitate valid inter-subject comparisons of the kinematic data, relevant anatomical coordinate systems were defined using 3D bone models generated from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

A Femoral Clamp to Reduce Soft Tissue Artifact: Accuracy and Reliability in Measuring Three-Dimensional Knee Kinematics During Gait

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyun Ding ◽  
Manuela Güdel ◽  
Samuel H. L. Smith ◽  
Richard A. Ademefun ◽  
Anthony M. J. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Knee Joint Kinematics ◽  
Soft Tissue Artifact ◽  
Rigid Cluster

Abstract The accurate measurement of full six degrees-of-freedom (6DOFs) knee joint kinematics is prohibited by soft tissue artifact (STA), which remains the greatest source of error. The purpose of this study was to present and assess a new femoral clamp to reduce STA at the thigh. It was hypothesized that the device can preserve the natural knee joint kinematics pattern and outperform a conventional marker mounted rigid cluster during gait. Six healthy subjects were asked to walk barefoot on level ground with a cluster marker set (cluster gait) followed by a cluster-clamp-merged marker set (clamp gait) and their kinematics was measured using the cluster method in cluster gait and the cluster and clamp methods simultaneously in clamp gait. Two operators performed the gait measurement. A 6DOFs knee joint model was developed to enable comparison with the gold standard knee joint kinematics measured using a dual fluoroscopic imaging technique. One-dimensional (1D) paired t-tests were used to compare the knee joint kinematics waveforms between cluster gait and clamp gait. The accuracy was assessed in terms of the root-mean-square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination, and Bland–Altman plots. Interoperator reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The result showed that the femoral clamp did not change the walking speed and knee joint kinematics waveforms. Additionally, clamp gait reduced the rotation and translation errors in the transverse plane and improved the interoperator reliability when compared to the rigid cluster method, suggesting a more accurate and reliable measurement of knee joint kinematics.

A Spatial Mechanism With Higher Pairs for Modelling the Human Knee Joint

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Di Gregorio ◽  
Vincenzo Parenti-Castelli
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Passive Motion ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Spherical Surfaces ◽  
Spatial Parallel Mechanism ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Scalar Equations

By generalizing a previous model proposed in the literature, a new spatial kinematic model of the knee joint passive motion is presented. The model is based on an equivalent spatial parallel mechanism which relies upon the assumption that fibers within the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) can be considered as isometric during the knee flexion in passive motion (virtually unloaded motion). The articular surfaces of femoral and tibial condyles are modelled as 3-D surfaces of general shapes. In particular, the paper presents the closure equations of the new mechanism both for surfaces represented by means of scalar equations that have the Cartesian coordinates of the points of the surface as variables and for surfaces represented in parametric form. An example of simulation is presented in the case both femoral condyles are modelled as ellipsoidal surfaces and tibial condyles as spherical surfaces. The results of the simulation are compared to those of the previous models and to measurements. The comparison confirms the expectation that a better approximation of the tibiofemoral condyle surfaces leads to a more accurate model of the knee passive motion.

Identifying the Effects of Knee Anatomy Variation on the Envelope of Knee Motion (Varus-Valgus) Using Principal Components

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit M. Mane ◽  
Chadd W. Clary ◽  
Amber N. Reeve ◽  
Lorin P. Maletsky ◽  
David FitzPatrick
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Knee Motion ◽  
Active Motion ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
Knee Anatomy ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Knee Joint Kinematics

The motion patterns of the human knee joint depend on its passive motion characteristics, which are described by the ligamentious and articular constraints. Since active motions, like walking and squatting are believed to fall within a passive envelope, the basis for the understanding of the knee joint kinematics lies in the description of its passive constraint characteristics [1]. Although several authors studied passive envelope characteristics of a knee, it is not clear from the literature which anatomical structures guide the knee in passive or active motion and how their geometric arrangement produces the unique path of passive knee motion [1–3]. A few mathematical models have been developed to study the structures that guide the passive knee motion [1, 2]. However, their hypotheses were not supported by a sufficiently detailed ligament bundle model, soft tissue properties, ligament insertion-origin sites and their intra-subject variability. To explain the relationship between knee anatomy and its variability with three-dimensional knee motion completely, new methodology must be developed. The objective of the present study was to estimate the effects of variation in knee anatomical factors on the tibiofemoral passive envelope using a multivariate analysis technique, principal component (PC) analysis.

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