Simulation of Hydrogen Production From Biomass Pyrolysis Gas by Secondary Steam Reforming

Hydrogen is currently being widely regarded as a futural energy carrier to reduce carbon emissions and other NOx and SOx pollutants. Many researchers have proved that hydrogen can be efficiently used in solid oxide fuel cells -gas turbine system (SOFC-GT) and molten carbonate fuel cells-gas turbine system (MCFC-GT). Hydrogen production from biomass resources offers the advantage of providing a renewable energy carrier for extensive reduction of the CO2 emission. A secondary steam reforming process which consists of steam reforming of methane and water gas shift was proposed to further convert CH4, CO and other hydrocarbons in biomass pyrolysis gas for promoting hydrogen yield. According to respective reaction mechanism, simulating calculations were carried out in two reforming processes separately. With the favor of PRO/II, the effects of reaction temperature and steam to carbon ratio on hydrogen yield were discussed in details in the steam reforming of methane. A reasonable calculation method was established for simulating the water gas shift process in which the effects of temperature and steam to CO ratio was investigated. The simulation made good results in optimizing reaction conditions for two reformers and predicting the volume rate of all gas components. It is proved by simulation that hydrogen-rich gas with >68 mol% H2 could be produced, and the hydrogen yield could reach 48.18 mol H2/(Kg Biomass) and 45.85 mol/(Kg Biomass) respectively when using corn straw and rice husk as feedstock. The experiment data from a related reference was adopted to prove the reasonability of the simulation results which could show the feasibility of secondary steam reforming process, as well as provide good references for practical process operation.

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The progress in water gas shift and steam reforming hydrogen production technologies – A review

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy ◽

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.08.041 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (30) ◽

pp. 16983-17000 ◽

Cited By ~ 254

Author(s):

Trevor L. LeValley ◽

Anthony R. Richard ◽

Maohong Fan

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Production ◽

Steam Reforming ◽

Water Gas Shift ◽

Production Technologies ◽

Water Gas

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Ceria-Based Materials for Hydrogen Production Via Hydrocarbon Steam Reforming and Water-Gas Shift Reactions

Recent Patents on Materials Science ◽

10.2174/1874464811104020122 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 122-145

Author(s):

Kyriaki Polychronopoulou ◽

Christos M. Kalamaras ◽

Angelos M. Efstathiou

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Production ◽

Steam Reforming ◽

Water Gas Shift ◽

Water Gas

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Hydrogen production and carbon dioxide enrichment from ethanol steam reforming followed by water gas shift reaction

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.149 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 162 ◽

pp. 1430-1441 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Chih-Chun Chen ◽

Huan-Hsiung Tseng ◽

Yu-Li Lin ◽

Wei-Hsin Chen

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Hydrogen Production ◽

Steam Reforming ◽

Water Gas Shift ◽

Ethanol Steam Reforming ◽

Carbon Dioxide Enrichment ◽

Water Gas Shift Reaction ◽

Shift Reaction ◽

Water Gas ◽

Ethanol Steam

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Decomposition of methane into carbon and hydrogen over Ni-Li/CaO catalysts

10.51415/10321/3056 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Ronald Wafula Musamali

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cells ◽

Hydrogen Production ◽

Steam Reforming ◽

Methane Conversion ◽

Catalytic Decomposition ◽

Lithium Hydroxide ◽

Methane Decomposition ◽

Hydrogen Yield ◽

Carbon Fibres ◽

Decomposition Of Methane

Overdependence on fossil-based fuels and their effect on environment is a global concern by energy stake holders. Bulk of present day hydrogen comes from gasification of coal, steam reforming and partial oxidation of hydrocarbons. Steam reforming accounts for over 50% of world hydrogen production despite producing carbonaceous gases which are harmful to the environment and poisonous to both; proton exchange fuel cells and alkaline fuel cells. Natural gas is a preferred feed for hydrogen production, because it is abundantly available on earth. Catalytic decomposition of ammonia can produce clean hydrogen but ammonia itself is an air pollutant. Catalytic decomposition of methane into carbon and hydrogen is an attractive option to producing clean hydrogen because its products are carbon and hydrogen. In this work, five different catalysts comprising of varying quantities of nickel and lithium, supported on calcium oxide were synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation method and designated according to weight % as; 30%Ni/CaO, 37.5%Ni-12.5%Li/CaO, 25.0%Ni- 25.0%Li/CaO, 12.5%Ni-37.5%Li/CaO and 50%Li/CaO. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by (XRD, SEM, BET and TEM) and tested for methane decomposition. From the XRD patterns of the synthesized catalysts, distinct crystalline phases of CaO and NiO were positively identified in 50%Ni/CaO according to their reference JCPDS files. Introduction of Lithium hydroxides improved the crystalline structure of the Ni/CaO catalyst. SEM analyses of the catalyst material using Image-J software confirmed that all catalyst materials were nanoparticles ranging from 3.09-6.56nm. BET results confirmed that, all the catalysts are mesoporous with pore sizes ranging from 20.1nm to 45.3nm. Introduction of LiOH to Ni/CaO generates mesoporous structures by destructing the lattices of the CaO structure during the formation of Ni-Li/CaO species. Particle size distribution in TEM analyses revealed that, a higher nickel loading in the catalyst favours the formation of carbon nanotubes while higher lithium hydroxide loading favours the formation of carbon fibres (CF). Low yield of carbon fibres from methane decomposition on unsupported Ni catalyst in 50%Ni/CaO was attributed to the presence of large Ni particles with low index planes which were incapable of dissociating the unreactive methane molecule. The aim of this work was to synthesize a catalyst for use in decomposition of methane into carbon and hydrogen, that addresses drawbacks of traditional solid metal catalysts such as sintering and coking. From the experimental results, 37.5%Ni-12.5%Li/CaO catalyst recorded 65.7% methane conversion and 38.3%hydrogen yield while 50%Ni/CaO recorded the lowest methane conversion of 60.2% and a hydrogen yield of 35.7% at 650℃. Outstanding performance of the 37.5%Ni-12.5%Li/CaO catalyst is attributed to the incorporation of lithium hydroxide which provided more catalyst active sites and a molten environment for proper dispersion of the nickel metal. The solid 50%Ni/CaO catalyst readily deactivated due to coking unlike the supported molten 37.5%Ni-12.5%Li/CaO catalyst in which methane decomposition reaction took place by both surface reaction and chemisorption.

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Progress on sorption-enhanced reaction process for hydrogen production

Reviews in Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1515/revce-2015-0043 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yi-Jiang Wu ◽

Ping Li ◽

Jian-Guo Yu ◽

Adelino F. Cunha ◽

Alirio E. Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Production ◽

Steam Reforming ◽

Coal Gasification ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Water Gas Shift ◽

Renewable Biomass ◽

Wgs Reaction ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Water Gas ◽

Natural Gas Reforming

AbstractConcerns about the environment and fossil fuel depletion led to the concept of “hydrogen economy”, where hydrogen is used as an energy carrier. Nowadays, hydrogen is mostly produced from fossil fuel resources by natural gas reforming, coal gasification, as well as the water-gas-shift (WGS) reaction involved in these processes. Alternatively, bioethanol, glucose, glycerol, bio-oil, and other renewable biomass-derived feedstocks can also be employed for hydrogen production via steam reforming process. The combination of steam reforming and/or WGS reaction with

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Microwave-driven hydrogen production (MDHP) from water and activated carbons (ACs). Application to wastewaters and seawater

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d1ra05977g ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (50) ◽

pp. 31590-31600

Author(s):

Satoshi Horikoshi ◽

Leo Takahashi ◽

Kirara Sueishi ◽

Honoka Tanizawa ◽

Nick Serpone

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Hydrogen Production ◽

Steam Reforming ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Water Gas Shift ◽

Water Gas

We report on the low-temperature steam reforming and water–gas shift processes to generate H2 efficiently from water passed through MW-heated activated carbon (AC) particles, contrary to the inefficient conventional steam reforming at T ≈ 600 °C.

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