Electrified Aircraft Propulsion Systems: Gas Turbine Control Considerations for the Mitigation of Potential Failure Modes and Hazards

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Simon ◽  
Joseph W. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Potential Failure ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Aircraft Propulsion

Abstract This paper provides a high-level review of the potential failure modes and hazards to which electrified aircraft propulsion (EAP) systems are susceptible, along with potential gas turbine control-based strategies to assist in the mitigation of those failures. To introduce the types of failures that an EAP system may experience, a generic EAP system is considered, consisting of gas turbine engines, mechanical drives, electric machines, power electronics and distribution systems, energy storage devices, and motor driven propulsors. The functionality provided by each of these EAP subsystems is discussed, along with their potential failure modes, and possible strategies for mitigating those failures. To further illustrate the role of gas turbine controls in mitigating EAP failure modes, an example based on a simulated EAP concept aircraft proposed by NASA is given. The effects of failures are discussed, along with turbomachinery control strategies, including reversionary control modes, and control limit logic.

scholarly journals The Importance of Interphases in Energy Storage Devices: Methods and Strategies to Investigate and Control Interfacial Processes

Physchem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
Chiara Ferrara ◽  
Riccardo Ruffo ◽  
Piercarlo Mustarelli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solid Electrolyte Interphase ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Lithium Metal Batteries ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

Extended interphases are playing an increasingly important role in electrochemical energy storage devices and, in particular, in lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries. With this in mind we initially address the differences between the concepts of interface and interphase. After that, we discuss in detail the mechanisms of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in Li-ion batteries. Then, we analyze the methods for interphase characterization, with emphasis put on in-situ and operando approaches. Finally, we look at the near future by addressing the issues underlying the lithium metal/electrolyte interface, and the emerging role played by the cathode electrolyte interphase when high voltage materials are employed.

Powered Ankle-Foot Prostheses: A Survey on Sensing Systems and Control Strategies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Chumacero-Polanco ◽  
James Yang
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Kinetic Information ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Systems And Control ◽  
Finite State ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Abstract People who have suffered a transtibial amputation show diminished ambulation and impaired quality of life. Powered ankle foot prostheses (AFP) are used to recover some mobility of transtibial amputees (TTAs). Powered AFP is an emerging technology that has great potential to improve the quality of life of TTAs with important avenues for research and development in different fields. This paper presents a survey on sensing systems and control strategies applied to powered AFPs. Sensing kinematic and kinetic information in powered AFPs is critical for control. Ankle angle position is commonly obtained via potentiometers and encoders directly installed on the joint, velocities can be estimated using numerical differentiators, and accelerations are normally obtained via inertial measurement units (IMUs). On the other hand, kinetic information is usually obtained via strain gauges and torque sensors. On the other hand, control strategies are classified as high- and low-level control. The high-level control sets the torque or position references based on pattern generators, user’s intent of motion recognition, or finite-state machine. The low-level control usually consists of linear controllers that drive the ankle’s joint position, velocity, or torque to follow an imposed reference signal. The most widely used control strategy is the one based on finite-state machines for the high-level control combined with a proportional-derivative torque control for low-level. Most designs have been experimentally assessed with acceptable results in terms of walking speed. However, some drawbacks related to powered AFP’s weight and autonomy remain to be overcome. Future research should be focused on reducing powered AFP size and weight, increasing energy efficiency, and improving both the high- and the low-level controllers in terms of efficiency and performance.

scholarly journals Progress in Modeling and Control of Gas Turbine Power Generation Systems: A Survey

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Mohamed ◽  
Ashraf Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
And Control

This paper reviews the modeling techniques and control strategies applied to gas turbine power generation plants. Recent modeling philosophies are discussed and the state-of-the-art feasible strategies for control are shown. Research conducted in the field of modeling, simulation, and control of gas turbine power plants has led to notable advancements in gas turbines’ operation and energy efficiency. Tracking recent achievements and trends that have been made is essential for further development and future research. A comprehensive survey is presented here that covers the outdated attempts toward the up-to-date techniques with emphasis on different issues and turbines’ characteristics. Critical review of the various published methodologies is very useful in showing the importance of this research area in practical and technical terms. The different modeling approaches are classified and each category is individually investigated by reviewing a considerable number of research articles. Then, the main features of each category or approach is reported. The modern multi-variable control strategies that have been published for gas turbines are also reviewed. Moreover, future trends are proposed as recommendations for planned research.

scholarly journals Using Operando Electrochemical TEM as Part of a Correlative Approach to Characterize Failure Modes in Solid-state Energy Storage Devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1460-1461
Author(s):  
Nikhilendra Singh ◽  
James Horwath ◽  
Timothy Arthur ◽  
Daan Hein Alsem ◽  
Eric Stach
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solid State ◽  
State Energy ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices

A Novel Multi-Functional Grid-Connected Inverter of Renewable Energy Resources

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 2191-2194
Author(s):  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Hong Da Liu ◽  
Ming Jie Chen ◽  
Nai Jun Shen
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Unit Vector ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Point Of Common Coupling ◽  
Grid Connected Inverter ◽  
And Control

On the basis of analyzing the synthesis application of p-q (instantaneous reactive power) theory and unit vector template, a multi-functional grid-connected inverter (MFGCI) with auxiliary services on power quality enhancement in micro-grid (MG) is presented. The novel control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these MFGCI when installed in AC MG access to 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems by isolated transformer at the point of common coupling (PCC). This kind of inverter can not only deliver the power generation of renewable energy sources (RESs), but also can perform as active power filter (APF) at their PCC as well as can improve the efficiency of inverter and decrease the hardware investment. Finally, both feasibility and effectiveness of this new topologies and control strategies of MFGCI are verified by PSCAD/EMTDC.

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