Natural Frequency and Resonance Study of FGM Turbo-Machinery Blade Using Campbell Diagram

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apurba Das ◽  
Subhendu Pal ◽  
Su Ziyi ◽  
Mrutyunjay Rout ◽  
Kazuaki Inaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Campbell Diagram ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Turbo Machinery ◽  
Harmonic Resonance

Abstract Turbo machinery rotating blades are a vital component of aero-engines for transferring the energy of gas flow to kinetic energy. Rotating turbo-machinery blades are prone to fail under working fields with high temperature, high speed, high pressure and resonance of blades with prime engine. Vibration of the turbo-machinery blades need to be studied carefully for safe and reliable operation of the engine. Thermal barrier coatings (TBC) layers are used to protect the blade metal at higher operating temperature though these can be plagued due to phase instability, thermal instability and adherence problems. TBCs also tend to spall due to thermal expansion mismatch with the super alloy substrate or because of erosion/impact caused by particles in the high-velocity combustion gases. Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are a relatively new class of materials that can solve these problems in high-temperature environments and can be considered as potential material for making gas turbine blades. Unlike composite materials the functionally graded materials (FGMs) are free from delamination and debonding and have the ability to withstand high temperature without TBC coatings. In this present study natural frequency of the FGM turbine blade for various rotational speeds during actual operation is determined using finite element technique. As the aero-engine is complex in nature therefore harmonic resonance can always occur in the aero-engine system and it is difficult to determine the natural frequency at varying speed during actual operation. The chances of failure of the blade also increase because of harmonic resonance. Hence, the resonance property is required to investigate of the FGM blade in details. Various rotational speed and operating temperature is considered to determine the natural frequencies of the blade. The resonance studies for each case are performed using the Campbell diagram. Resonance margin is calculated for each case and safe operating speed is determined. This study could serve as ready reference for safe operation of turbo-machinery engine considering FGM blade for specific range of engine speed.

A Study on Low Velocity Impact Behaviour of Functionally Graded Sandwich Conical Shell Under Thermal Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apurba Das ◽  
Subhendu Pal ◽  
Gopal Agarwal ◽  
Kazuaki Inaba ◽  
Tripuresh Deb Singha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Turbo Machinery

Abstract Turbo machinery rotating blades are a vital component of aero-engines for transferring the energy of gas flow to kinetic energy. Rotating turbo-machinery blades are prone to fail under working field with high temperature, high speed, high pressure and impact of blades. Recently Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are used in turbo-machinery blades due to its advantage of delamination and debonding free structure and ability to withstand high temperature during operation. As these aero-engine blade works in high temperature condition therefore use of ceramic FGM in the outer surface of the blades gives potential advantage. However, low velocity impact is a potential hazard of the blade due to rigid structure of the blade while considerable thickness of ceramic present in the outer surface of the blade. The chances of impact failure of the blade also increase in that case. Hence, low velocity impact of the turbo-machinery blades need to study carefully for safe and reliable operation of the engine. In this present work the low velocity impact characteristics of the FGM sandwich turbine blade under various operating temperature are determined using finite element technique. The low velocity impact performances are evaluated in terms of time histories of the contact force, velocity of the projectile, shell deflection and indentation considering various impactor initial velocities, core to FGM thickness ratio (hcore/hfgm) and blade operating temperature. The upper and lower surfaces of the functionally graded structure reinforced by ductile pure metal layers appear to play a significant role in protecting the structure’s functional integrity from damage.

Hot Dynamic Densification of Materials by Utilizing Underwater Shock Wave

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 793-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichi Tomoshige ◽  
Seiichiro Ii ◽  
Masahiro Fujita ◽  
Akira Chiba
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Underwater Shock Wave ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Tini Phase ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Dynamic Densification

Hot dynamic densification method was developed by combining self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) with explosively shock powder compaction technique. This method is extremely short time processing. The main purpose in this study is to perform from synthesis to densification of TiB2-TiN system high temperature ceramic composites and TiB2-TiNi-Cu system functionally graded materials (FGMs) in one step. In TiN-TiB2 ceramic composites, they showed up to 95% of relative density. It was appeared by TEM observations that both the two phases joined tightly each other. The FGMs also were produced by the same technique. They indicated no interlayer exfoliation and no macro cracks after thermal shock tests from 973 K to room temperature. It was shown that thermoelastic property of intermetallic TiNi phase as intermediate layer between ceramics and metal layers operated effectively.

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of functionally graded materials as thermal protection systems for high-temperature applications

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bertolino ◽  
M. Monagheddu ◽  
A. Tacca ◽  
P. Giuliani ◽  
C. Zanotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Thermal Tests ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Thermal Barriers ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Spatial Composition

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis was used to prepare boride-based functionally graded materials (FGMs) as thermal barriers for space re-entry vehicles. FGMs are characterized by inhomogeneous spatial composition, resulting in different spatial characteristics. In this work, the FGMs were composed of a ceramic [i.e., MB2 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf)] and a metallic (i.e., NiAl) side, joined together by composite layers of graded stoichiometries of the two components. Thus, in the same material, the boride end gives thermal insulation, while the intermetallic end offers an easy junction to the structure of the space aircraft. The prepared FGMs showed good adhesion between the layers and global compactness after preparation and thermal tests. The microhardness along the samples was measured, and their insulating capabilities were evaluated.

Correlation of Measured Thermal Conductivity to a Functionally Graded Material's Microstructure

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 789-790
Author(s):  
John Phelps ◽  
Andrew Slifka ◽  
James Filla
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Graded Coating ◽  
Machined Parts

Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) are used in a number of applications as a protective barrier to extreme environments. One such application of FGMs is to protect metal parts from high temperature environments. FGM coatings are plasma spray deposited onto surfaces of both simple and complex machined parts. Knowing the thermal conductivity of the FGM coating allows engineers to effectively develop high temperature designs with accurate estimates of heat transfer and thermal loading.In this study, a FGM made by Caterpillar, USA, was measured with our steady state thermal conductivity measurement apparatus. The sample measured is a 10 layer graded coating using a Metro* 461 bond coan4 to a Metco* 205 ceria-yittria stabilized zirconia, with a Ni-Co-Cr-Al-Y metal grading. Figure 1 shows a plot of the thermal conductivity (W/m*K) as a function of temperature (K) for this material. The sudden drop in thermal conductivity at approximately 1073K was totally unexpected

The effects of multi-directional functionally graded materials on the natural frequency of the doubly-curved nanoshells

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 113403
Author(s):  
Yan Cao ◽  
Majid Khorami ◽  
Shahrizan Baharom ◽  
Hamid Assilzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Dindarloo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Doubly Curved
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