A Neuro-Fuzzy Model for Simulating Outer Hair Cell of Human Cochlea

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balaje T. Thumati ◽  
D. Subbaram Naidu ◽  
Larry Stout
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Hair Cell ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Outer Hair Cell ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Feed Forward Neural Network ◽  
Human Auditory System

Understanding the functioning of the human auditory system has been of interest for decades and many mathematical models have been developed based on experimental results. Many of these models address the key components of the human auditory system: outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear, which consists of cochlea and organ of corti. In this paper, a novel approach for human auditory model is developed that is based on the concepts of fuzzy logic for simulating basilar membrane and stereocilia, and a feed-forward neural network for simulating outer hair cell of the inner ear. Frequency, intensity and the direction of stereocilia movement are the three inputs to the fuzzy logic portion of the model. The output of this block is the net force, which becomes the input to the neural network. The implementation and simulated results using MATLAB® are presented.

scholarly journals Cell of the month: An outer hair cell of the inner ear

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-96
Author(s):  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Patrick J. Antonelli
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Outer Hair Cell

scholarly journals Deafness-in-a-dish: modeling hereditary deafness with inner ear organoids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Romano ◽  
Eri Hashino ◽  
Rick F. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hereditary Deafness ◽  
Human Auditory System ◽  
Human Inner Ear

AbstractSensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a major cause of functional disability in both the developed and developing world. While hearing aids and cochlear implants provide significant benefit to many with SNHL, neither targets the cellular and molecular dysfunction that ultimately underlies SNHL. The successful development of more targeted approaches, such as growth factor, stem cell, and gene therapies, will require a yet deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of human hearing and deafness. Unfortunately, the human inner ear cannot be biopsied without causing significant, irreversible damage to the hearing or balance organ. Thus, much of our current understanding of the cellular and molecular biology of human deafness, and of the human auditory system more broadly, has been inferred from observational and experimental studies in animal models, each of which has its own advantages and limitations. In 2013, researchers described a protocol for the generation of inner ear organoids from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which could serve as scalable, high-fidelity alternatives to animal models. Here, we discuss the advantages and limitations of conventional models of the human auditory system, describe the generation and characteristics of PSC-derived inner ear organoids, and discuss several strategies and recent attempts to model hereditary deafness in vitro. Finally, we suggest and discuss several focus areas for the further, intensive characterization of inner ear organoids and discuss the translational applications of these novel models of the human inner ear.

scholarly journals The Biophysical Function of the Human Eardrum

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
Janos Vincze ◽  
Gabriella Vincze-Tiszay
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Oval Window ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Auditory Ossicles ◽  
Hearing System

The hearing analyzer consists of two main systems: the peripheral hearing system, formed of the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear and the central hearing system, which contains the nervous pathways which ensure the transmission of the nervous influx and the hearing area where the information is analyzed and the hearing sensation is generated. The peripheral hearing system achieves the functions of transmission of the sound vibration, the analysis of the acoustic signal and the transformation of the acoustic signal in nervous inflow and the generation of the nervous response. The human hearing is characteristics: 1. The eardrum vibrates from the sound waves; 2. Auditory ossicles amplify the stimulus; 3. In an oval window, the vibration is transmitted to the fluid space of the inner ear; 4. It vibrates the basilar membrane; 5. What is pressed against the membrane tectoria; 6. The stereocilliums of the hair cell bend, ion channels open; 7. Hair cell depolarizes; 8. Stimulus is dissipated in cerebrospinal fluid VIII (vestibulo¬cochlearis); 9. Temporal lobe primary auditory cortex (Brodman 41, 42); 10. Association pathways: speech comprehension (Wernicke area).

scholarly journals Stability and Biocompatibility Tests of Alginate as Cochlear Implant Coating Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 775-778
Author(s):  
Claas-Tido Peck ◽  
Jana Schwieger ◽  
Thomas Lenarz ◽  
Verena Scheper
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Hair Cell ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Outer Hair Cell ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Implant Coating

Abstract Inner ear trauma caused by cochlear implantation is a severe clinical problem. It was shown that an electrode alginate coating can reduce the insertion forces in vitro. The grade of the alginate viscosity can be adjusted by using different metal ions for cross-linking the salts of the alginic acid. The aim was to investigate the stability and inner ear biocompatibility of alginate using different in vitro established cross-linkers. Alginate beads were cross-linked in either calcium chloride (CaCl2) or barium chloride (BaCl2) solution. The beads were cultivated in artificial perilymph and stability and swelling were observed for 13 months. Ototoxicity was tested on cochlear whole mount explants from neonatal rats. Neomycin served as positive control to induce hair cell damage and explants without any addition served as negative control. The beads and explants were co-cultured for 48 hours and the hair cell survival was analysed microscopically. Neomycin treatment induced an extensive inner and outer hair cell loss. Neither CaCl2 nor BaCl2 cross-linked alginate beads caused any damage to the hair cells. Even though the same volume of alginate and cross-linkers were used, in CaCl2 cross-linked beads were initially almost double the size of in BaCl2 cross-linked beads. None of the cross-linked alginate beads had a significant volume change within 3 months being cultured in artificial perilymph. After 3 months the CaCl2 cross-linked beads swelled massively and dissolved within one week whereas BaCl2 cross-linked alginate beads remained unchanged until month 13 after culture start. Alginate beads gelled with both cross-linkers are biocompatible with the inner ear sensory epithelium. Both cross-linkers ensure a stable gelation of alginate but a swelling followed by degradation of the in CaCl2 cross-linked beads occurred after 3 months. For coatings, which need to be long term stable, BaCl2 should be chosen whereas CaCl2 may be more suitable for applications where limited stability is needed and the swelling is not affecting the surrounding tissue. Therefore, BaCl2 cross-linking of alginate may be the best choice for cochlear implant coating.

scholarly journals The Biophysical Function of the Human Inner Ear

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Janos Vincze ◽  
Gabriella Vincze-Tiszay
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Oval Window ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Auditory Nerves ◽  
Auditory Ossicles

The ear transforms soft mechanical vibration of air particles into electrical signals, which reach the appropriate part of the cerebral cortex for processing by means of auditory nerves. The process of the hearing is next: the eardrum vibrates from the sound waves; auditory ossicles amplify the stimulus; in an oval window, the vibration is transmitted to the fluid space of the inner ear; iIt vibrates the basilar membrane; what is pressed against the membrane tectoria; the stereocilliums of the hair cell bend, ion channels open; hair cell depolarizes; stimulus is dissipated in cerebrospinal fluid VIII (vestibulocochlearis); temporal lobe primary auditory cortex (Brodman 41, 42); association pathways: speech comprehension (Wernicke area). For the rising prevalence of psychoses (mental disorders) in the last decades among towns­people, these stimuli – as compared to the abandoned environment – and the adaptation to them may also play a definite role. The man, therefore, enjoying worths and conveniences of the civilization has to size every opportunity to get into the open, to compensate the monotony of the external stimuli, in a word, to grant his organism those stimuli which he claims as a biological creature. This human demand – it seems – is such a great physiological need that our organism cannot be without even in the evening. At least this turns out according to the researches relating sleep and dreaming.

scholarly journals Effects of outer hair cell loss on the frequency selectivity of the patas monkey auditory system

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Smith ◽  
D.B. Moody ◽  
W.C. Stebbins ◽  
M.A. Norat
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Outer Hair Cell ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Frequency Selectivity ◽  
Hair Cell Loss ◽  
Patas Monkey

Prediction of the tactile comfort of fabrics from functional finishing parameters using fuzzy logic and artificial neural network models

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 4083-4094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melkie Getnet Tadesse ◽  
Emil Loghin ◽  
Marius Pislaru ◽  
Lichuan Wang ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Artificial Neural

This paper aims to predict the hand values (HVs) and total hand values (THVs) of functional fabrics by applying the fuzzy logic model (FLM) and artificial neural network (ANN) model. Functional fabrics were evaluated by trained panels employing subjective evaluation scenarios. Firstly, the FLM was applied to predict the HV from finishing parameters; then, the FLM and ANN model were applied to predict the THV from the HV. The estimation of the FLM on the HV was efficient, as demonstrated by the root mean square error (RMSE) and relative mean percentage error (RMPE); low values were recorded, except those bipolar descriptors whose values are within the lowermost extreme values on the fuzzy model. However, the prediction performance of the FLM and ANN model on THV was effective, where RMSE values of ∼0.21 and ∼0.13 were obtained, respectively; both values were within the variations of the experiment. The RMPE values for both models were less than 10%, indicating that both models are robust, effective, and could be utilized in predicting the THVs of the functional fabrics with very good accuracy. These findings can be judiciously utilized for the selection of suitable engineering specifications and finishing parameters of functional fabrics to attain defined tactile comfort properties, as both models were validated using real data obtained by the subjective evaluation of functional fabrics.

scholarly journals OHC-TRECK: A Novel System Using a Mouse Model for Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Outer Hair Cell Death in the Inner Ear

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunie Matsuoka ◽  
Kenta Wada ◽  
Yuki Miyasaka ◽  
Shumpei P. Yasuda ◽  
Yuta Seki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Hair Cell ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Outer Hair Cell ◽  
Hair Cell Death
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