Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates for Steels in Hydrogen Storage

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoru Wada ◽  
Kouichi Takasawa ◽  
Ryoji Ishigaki ◽  
Yasuhiko Tanaka ◽  
Tadao Iwadate
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Crack Depth ◽  
Load Ratio ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Critical Crack ◽  
Crack Growth Rates

Fatigue crack growth rates (da/dN) in up to 90MPa high-pressure gaseous hydrogen environments of quenched and tempered low alloy Cr-Mo steel: JIS-SCM435 with ultimate tensile strength level of 950MPa were measured utilizing a cycle, ranging from 0.3sec from 1000sec long with a road ratio R = 0.1. The longer cycle time tests (15sec to 1000sec per cycle) were conducted utilizing internal pressure test apparatus by utilizing cylinder (= CY) specimens, while shorter cycle (0.3sec to 25sec per cycle) tests were performed utilizing fatigue test machine using compact tension (= C(T)) specimens. Crack depth of CY specimens were measured by Time Of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) technique and the crack length of C(T) specimens were measured by compliance technique. Both C(T) and CY specimen showed accelerated sub-critical crack growth in gaseous hydrogen compared that in air or inert gas atmosphere. The effect of load ratio was also evaluated.

scholarly journals Orientation Dependence of Hydrogen Accelerated Fatigue Crack Growth Rates in Pipeline Steels

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Ju Song ◽  
Joseph A. Ronevich
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Crack Growth Rate ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Orientation Dependence ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Crack Growth Rates

One of the most efficient methods for supplying gaseous hydrogen long distances is by using steel pipelines. However, steel pipelines exhibit accelerated fatigue crack growth rates in gaseous hydrogen relative to air. Despite conventional expectations that higher strength steels would be more susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, recent testing on a variety of pipeline steel grades has shown a notable independence between strength and hydrogen assisted fatigue crack growth rate. It is thought that microstructure may play a more defining role than strength in determining the hydrogen susceptibility. Among the many factors that could affect hydrogen accelerated fatigue crack growth rates, this study was conducted with an emphasis on orientation dependence. The orientation dependence of toughness in hot rolled steels is a well-researched area; however, few studies have been conducted to reveal the relationship between fatigue crack growth rate in hydrogen and orientation. In this work, fatigue crack growth rates were measured in hydrogen for high strength steel pipeline with different orientations. A significant reduction in fatigue crack growth rates were measured when cracks propagated perpendicular to the rolling direction. A detailed microstructural investigation was performed, in an effort to understand the orientation dependence of fatigue crack growth rate performance of pipeline steels in hydrogen environments.

Effect of crack depth on fatigue crack growth rates for a C–Mn pipeline steel in a sour environment

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colum M. Holtam ◽  
David P. Baxter ◽  
Ian A. Ashcroft ◽  
Rachel C. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Crack Depth ◽  
Crack Growth Rates

scholarly journals Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviour of High Strength Ferritic Steels in High Pressure Hydrogen

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Ashok Saxena ◽  
Kevin Nibur
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Hydrogen Pressure ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Loading Frequency ◽  
Crack Growth Rates ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

The design of safe and low-cost, high-pressure hydrogen storage systems are a critical need for harnessing clean power but must consider the propensity of hydrogen to accelerate fatigue crack growth rates in the construction materials. Design of safe pressure vessels needs robust models for predicting crack growth rates and how they are affected by variables such as loading frequency, load ratios, hydrogen pressure, gaseous impurities, temperature, and material variability. In this study, fatigue crack growth rates were measured in the liner material in 10 MPa gaseous hydrogen at various load ratios, R, in the range -1 ≤ R ≤ 0.2. The effects of varying loading frequency were investigated, and the results were pooled with those from literature for similar alloys tested in 103 MPa gaseous hydrogen pressure. The differences in crack growth rates between H2 pressures of 10 to 103 MPa as well as the effects of frequency on the environment assisted crack growth rates were assessed. Loading frequency effects tend to saturate at frequencies of 1 Hz and less. H2 pressure effects appear to saturate at pressures of 45MPa, while load ratio effects are not significant for –1 ≤ R ≤ 0.2 but become important for R ≥ 0.2.

scholarly journals Advantageous Description of Short Fatigue Crack Growth Rates in Austenitic Stainless Steels with Distinct Properties

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Lukáš Trávníček ◽  
Ivo Kuběna ◽  
Veronika Mazánová ◽  
Tomáš Vojtek ◽  
Jaroslav Polák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
J Integral ◽  
Scale Yielding ◽  
Residual Fatigue ◽  
Crack Growth Rates

In this work two approaches to the description of short fatigue crack growth rate under large-scale yielding condition were comprehensively tested: (i) plastic component of the J-integral and (ii) Polák model of crack propagation. The ability to predict residual fatigue life of bodies with short initial cracks was studied for stainless steels Sanicro 25 and 304L. Despite their coarse microstructure and very different cyclic stress–strain response, the employed continuum mechanics models were found to give satisfactory results. Finite element modeling was used to determine the J-integrals and to simulate the evolution of crack front shapes, which corresponded to the real cracks observed on the fracture surfaces of the specimens. Residual fatigue lives estimated by these models were in good agreement with the number of cycles to failure of individual test specimens strained at various total strain amplitudes. Moreover, the crack growth rates of both investigated materials fell onto the same curve that was previously obtained for other steels with different properties. Such a “master curve” was achieved using the plastic part of J-integral and it has the potential of being an advantageous tool to model the fatigue crack propagation under large-scale yielding regime without a need of any additional experimental data.

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