Use of On-Board Hand Brake Monitoring to Prevent Freight Car Wheel Damage and Improve Maintenance and Safety

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Lonsdale ◽  
Brent Wilson
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Significant Source ◽  
Freight Car ◽  
Service Data ◽  
Proactive Maintenance

This paper discusses the benefits of using on-board hand brake sensors to determine whether a freight car hand brake is applied or released in service. Unreleased hand brakes are a significant source of wheel tread damage, which can lead to wheel removals, and in extreme cases can cause damage and derailments. Also, hand brake-related accidents are a significant cause of North American railroad accidents. Wheel tread damage and wayside wheel impact load detectors (WILD) are reviewed, along with AAR why made codes for wheel removals. Wheel failures and other wheel impact associated damage are discussed, along with operational considerations for hand brakes. Further, on-board sensors in general, and hand brake sensors in particular, are described in detail and service data from monitored cars is presented. Additionally, possible safety and operational improvements related to use of hand brake sensors are discussed, along with comments on the use of sensors to assist with proactive maintenance of freight cars.

scholarly journals Interannual variability in methane and nitrous oxide concentrations and sea-air fluxes across the North American Arctic Ocean (2015–2019)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara Manning ◽  
Zhiyin Zheng ◽  
Lindsay Fenwick ◽  
Ross McCulloch ◽  
Ellen Damm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Water Column ◽  
North American ◽  
Beaufort Sea ◽  
Significant Source ◽  
Study Region ◽  
The North ◽  
North American Arctic ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

Between 2015–2018, we collected ~2000 measurements of methane (CH4) and nitrousoxide (N2O) concentrations in the North American Arctic Ocean during summer and early fall from water column profiles. We also obtained 25 measurements of CH4 and N2O concentrations in rivers along the Northwest Passage and Ellesmere Island in mid-summer 2017–2019. Our results show that N2O is generated in the highly productive Bering and Chukchi Seas and transported northeastward, producing a persistent subsurface N2O peak in the Beaufort Sea. The Chukchi and Beaufort Sea sediments are a significant source of CH4 to the water column. These sedimentary sources and associated water column consumption display significant spatial gradients and interannual variability. CH4 isotope data demonstrate the importance of CH4 oxidation across the study region. We find that rivers are not a significant source of CH4 or N2O to the Arctic Ocean at the time of year sampled. The estimated annual sea-air flux across the study region (2.3 million km2) had a median (interquartile range) of 0.009 (0.002, 0.023) Tg CH4 y-1 and −0.003 (−0.013, 0.010) Tg N y-1. These results suggest that the North American Arctic Ocean currently plays a negligible role in global CH4 and N2O budgets. Our expansive dataset, with observations at many repeat stations, provides a synopsis of present-day Arctic CH4 and N2O distributions and their range of variability, as well as a benchmark against which future climate-dependent changes can be evaluated.

Class K Axle Design and Repair by Machining

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Dedmon
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Roller Bearing ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bearing Life ◽  
Freight Car ◽  
Accepted Practice ◽  
Class F

Until the introduction of AAR Standard S-259 (circular C-8287) in November, 1994 the Class F axle was the only officially designated roller bearing axle design permitted for 100 ton freight car service in North American interchange service. The increase in Gross Rail Load permitted by the Standard was correlated to increased failures at the journal ends of the axle. A 1998 redesign of the bearing and axle resulted in lower stresses in the journal; the new axle was designated as Class K and was to be used in service loads of 100/110 tons (263,000 to 286,000 pounds GRL). The redesign was highly successful in reducing axle journal failures and improving bearing life. An increase in axle failures between the wheel seats was reported several years after the redesign. Better inspection requirements and repair procedures were implemented to reduce failures resulting from surface damage. This investigation considers the effect on stresses of the accepted practice of repairing the body of the axle by machining.

Design Outline for a Lightweight Inside Frame Freight Car Truck

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Engle
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Roller Bearing ◽  
Design Study ◽  
Freight Car ◽  
Pennsylvania Railroad ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Economic Considerations

Inside frame trucks were historically unacceptable on freight cars, because of bearing maintenance problems which the modern roller bearing eliminated. This paper is a design study showing the potential advantages of a modern inside frame truck particularly in improvements in reducing weight and maintenance requirements, and was inspired by a short wheelbase inside bearing four wheel truck that the auhor designed to replace the original single axle trucks on an updated version of the Iron Highway articulated integral train. The new truck had to be interchangeable with the original without frame or car structure: a four wheel truck in a two wheel space! The design was completed, operation simulated, and a truck built, but the development stopped, for economic reasons, prior to equipping a demonstration train. This effort, though, suggested that an AAR compatible version of that truck might be advantageous, and this paper outlines how and why such a truck might be built. The paper is divided into six sections: 1) Background in the Iron Highway; 2) Requirement dictating conversion to a 4 wheel truck; 3) Design of a 286,000lb. GRL North American freight truck; 4) Maintenance considerations; 5) Economic Considerations; and 6) an Annex describing testing by the Pennsylvania Railroad of Timken inside frame roller bearing trucks 80 years ago.

Infection control in North American dental schools

1989 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 532-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Sampson ◽  
VB Dhuru
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
North American ◽  
Dental Schools

Treatment planning instruction in North American dental schools, 1984-85

1985 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 702-706
Author(s):  
S Kennon ◽  
TF Sleamaker ◽  
AG Farman
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
North American ◽  
Dental Schools

Adaptation of the Connected Speech Test: Rerecording and Passage Equivalency

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan K. Saleh ◽  
Paula Folkeard ◽  
Ewan Macpherson ◽  
Susan Scollie
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
North American ◽  
First Language ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Speech Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Unit Standard

Purpose The original Connected Speech Test (CST; Cox et al., 1987) is a well-regarded and often utilized speech perception test. The aim of this study was to develop a new version of the CST using a neutral North American accent and to assess the use of this updated CST on participants with normal hearing. Method A female English speaker was recruited to read the original CST passages, which were recorded as the new CST stimuli. A study was designed to assess the newly recorded CST passages' equivalence and conduct normalization. The study included 19 Western University students (11 females and eight males) with normal hearing and with English as a first language. Results Raw scores for the 48 tested passages were converted to rationalized arcsine units, and average passage scores more than 1 rationalized arcsine unit standard deviation from the mean were excluded. The internal reliability of the 32 remaining passages was assessed, and the two-way random effects intraclass correlation was .944. Conclusion The aim of our study was to create new CST stimuli with a more general North American accent in order to minimize accent effects on the speech perception scores. The study resulted in 32 passages of equivalent difficulty for listeners with normal hearing.

North American blastomycosis presenting as an acute panniculitis and arthritis

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Maioriello
Keyword(s):  
North American

"TRACHOMA AMONG THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS"

JAMA ◽  
1926 ◽  
Vol 86 (13) ◽  
pp. 970
Author(s):  
L. Webster Fox
Keyword(s):  
American Indians ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Indians ◽  
The North

1588: The Bicalutamide Early Prostate Cancer Program: Findings of the North American Trial at 7.7 Years' Median Follow-Up

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 511-512
Author(s):  
David G. McLeod ◽  
Ira Klimberg ◽  
Donald Gleason ◽  
Gerald Chodak ◽  
Thomas Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
North American ◽  
Early Prostate Cancer ◽  
The North ◽  
Cancer Program
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