Is Flow in the Common Carotid Artery Fully-Developed?

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Xie ◽  
Matthew D. Ford ◽  
David A. Steinman
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
Blood Velocity ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Velocity Data ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
The Common

It is usually assumed, in both clinical and experimental settings, that blood velocity profiles in the common carotid artery (CCA) are fully-developed. This allows for a simpler estimation of CCA flow rates or wall shear stresses (WSS) from limited velocity data, such as peak velocities acquired using Doppler ultrasound (DUS) [1]. However, the assumption of a long, straight CCA may be incorrect, as the CCA does possess some curvature [2], which may alter the velocity profile from the assumed Poiseuille or Womersley shapes, and thus lead to incorrect inferences about flow rate or WSS. Consequently, this may have an impact on our understanding and diagnoses of cardiovascular related diseases. The aim of this study was to characterize the real shape of CCA velocity profiles in vivo.

scholarly journals On the shape of the common carotid artery with implications for blood velocity profiles

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1885-1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Manbachi ◽  
Yiemeng Hoi ◽  
Bruce A Wasserman ◽  
Edward G Lakatta ◽  
David A Steinman
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
Blood Velocity ◽  
The Common

Characterization of Common Carotid Artery Curvature and Its Impact on Velocity Profile Shape

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Manbachi ◽  
Yiemeng Hoi ◽  
David A. Steinman
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery Disease ◽  
Engineering Studies ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
The Common ◽  
Artery Disease

Clinical and engineering studies of carotid artery disease typically assume that the common carotid artery (CCA), proximal to the bifurcation, is relatively straight, at least enough to assume the velocity profile is fully-developed (i.e., Poiseuille or Womersley profile) or at least axisymmetric. However, a recent study from our group has shown the surprising presence, in vivo, of strongly skewed velocity profiles in what appeared to be only mildly curved CCAs [1]. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study from our group also demonstrated strong velocity profile skewing in an idealized geometry possessing subtle wiggles similar to those observed in the CCA [2].

Evaluating endothelial function of the common carotid artery: An in vivo human model

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mazzucco ◽  
F. Bifari ◽  
M. Trombetta ◽  
G.C. Guidi ◽  
M. Mazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Human Model ◽  
The Common

Progressive Attenuation of the Longitudinal Kinetics in the Common Carotid Artery: Preliminary in Vivo Assessment

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Zahnd ◽  
Simone Balocco ◽  
André Sérusclat ◽  
Philippe Moulin ◽  
Maciej Orkisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
The Common ◽  
In Vivo Assessment

Measurement of regional pulse-wave velocity using spatial compound imaging of the common carotid artery in vivo

Ultrasonics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 92-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Nagaoka ◽  
Genta Masuno ◽  
Kazuto Kobayashi ◽  
Shin Yoshizawa ◽  
Shin-ichiro Umemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
The Common

Neuronal Transcytosis of WGA Conjugated Protein

2013 ◽  
pp. 432-437
Author(s):  
Yoshiki Takeuchi ◽  
Yoshiki Matsumoto ◽  
Takanori Miki ◽  
Katsuhiko Warita ◽  
Zhi-Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
The Common

Neuronal transcytosis was observed at the stage when no neurotransmitter was released after the injection of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP; WGA = 22 kDa, HRP = 40 kDa) into the vagus nerve. The co-injection of Rab3A-siRNA with WGA-HRP into the vagus nerve was performed to further examine this phenomenon. This co-injection resulted in the transcytosis of WGA-HRP, both of the passing type, by which it crossed the synapses, and of the secretion type followed by endocytosis of postsynaptic membranes. These findings raised the possibility in vivo that WGA plays an important role in the transcytosis of protein. Therefore, WGA may be a valuable tool for therapeutic drug targeting via transcytosis. The ability of WGA-conjugated Amyloid ß (WGA-Aß) to decrease amyloid deposits in Alzheimer’s disease was investigated. The conjugation of WGA to amyloid-ß (1-40) (Aß; 5 kDa) was confirmed. WGA-Aß was then shown to move to terminals by axonal flow in vivo as well as WGA-HRP. WGA-Aß was also observed in the nodose ganglion cells and terminals after injections of fluorescent Aß (FAß) into the vagus nerve and fluorescent WGA (FWGA) into the common carotid artery. These studies suggested that WGA-Aß could be localized to solitary neurons via transcytosis.

Computational analysis to predict the effect of pre-bifurcation stenosis on the hemodynamics of the internal and external carotid arteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 7029-7039
Author(s):  
Hugo Bouteloup ◽  
Johann Guimaraes de Oliveira Marinho ◽  
Surapong Chatpun ◽  
Daniel M. Espino
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Flow Profile ◽  
Velocity Flow ◽  
The Common

This study assessed the hemodynamics of a patient-specific multiple stenosed common carotid artery including its bifurcation into internal and external carotid arteries; ICA and ECA, respectively. A three-dimensional computational model of the common carotid artery was reconstructed using a process of segmentation. Computational fluid dynamics was applied with the assumption that blood is Newtonian and incompressible under pulsatile conditions through the stenotic artery and subsequent bifurcation. Blood was modelled as ‘normal’ and ‘hyperglycaemic’. A region of large recirculation was found to form at bifurcation. The asymmetric velocity flow profile through the ICA was evident through the cardiac cycle with higher velocity at the inner walls of ICA. Hyperglycaemia was found to increase wall shear stresses on the carotid artery and reduce the blood velocity by as much as 4 times in ECA. In conclusion, hemodynamics in ICA and ECA are not equally affected by stenosis, with hyperglycaemic blood potentially providing additional complications to the clinical case. 

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