Abstract
Background: Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell neuroendocrine tumor (NSCLC-NET), have obvious heterogeneity. The comparison between SCLC and NSCLC-NET, and prognostic nomogram of resected NSCLC-NET have not been performed.Methods: We retrieved patients’ information with pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors from SEER database. Age-adjusted incidence and prognostic impacts of histological subtypes, surgery strategies and smoking were compared between SCLC and NSCLC-NET. Independent prognostic factors, screened by Cox regression, were enrolled for prognostic nomogram of resected NSCLC-NET. The nomogram were evaluated and compared to the 8th AJCC TNM staging system. A Chinese cohort was used for external validation.Results: Age-adjusted incidence of SCLC declined after 1991 but the incidence of NSCLC-NET continuously rose. Patients with typical carcinoid had the best prognosis in both overall survival and lung cancer specific survival after operation. Sleeve and segmental resection were more recommended in NSCLC-NET and SCLC, respectively. High-smoking index was associated with worse prognosis in both SCLC and NSCLC-NET. Histological subtype, age, surgery type, N, M stage and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors and used to construct prognostic nomogram of resected NSCLC-NET. The nomogram performed well with good discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness, which was validated by Chinese cohort (1, 3, 5-year AUC: SEER cohort 0.873, 0.901, 0.875; Chinese cohort 0.867, 0.892, 0.874). Compared to 8th staging system, the nomogram had higher C-index (0.87 vs 0.728, P < 0.001), clinical usefulness, increasing AUC value over time and improved 68%. The online server can be accessed at https://nsclc-net-prognostic-prediction.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/. Conclusion: NSCLC-NET had increasing incidence over the past decades. The nomogram had high discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness and performed better than 8th staging system. It may have certain value in risk stratification and survival prediction of patients with resected NSCLC-NET and help clinicians to take measures for high-risk patients in advance.