Biomechanics of the Mitral Valve in Ischemic Heart Disease: Translating From the Bench to the Operating Room

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muralidhar Padala ◽  
Ajit P. Yoganathan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Mitral Annulus ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Atrioventricular Valve ◽  
Main Components

The Mitral Valve (MV) is the left atrioventricular valve that controls blood flow between the left atrium and the left ventricle (Fig 1A-B). It has four main components: (i) the mitral annulus — a fibromuscular ring at the base of the left atrium and the ventricle; (ii) two collagenous planar leaflets — anterior and posterior; (iii) web of chordae and (iv) two papillary muscles (PM) that are part of the left ventricle (LV). Normal function of the mitral valve involves a delicate force balance between different components of the valve.

Impact of Secondary Chordal Cutting on Mitral Valve Closure and Chordal Force Distribution in an Ischemic Dilated Ventricle: Engineering Insight and Clinical Implications

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muralidhar Padala ◽  
Lazarina I. Gyoneva ◽  
Ajit P. Yoganathan
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Mitral Annulus ◽  
Free Edge ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
Atrioventricular Valve ◽  
Chordae Tendineae ◽  
Main Components

The Mitral Valve (MV) is the left atrioventricular valve that controls blood flow between the left atrium and the left ventricle (Fig 1A-B). It has four main components: (i) the mitral annulus – a fibromuscular ring at the base of the left atrium and the ventricle; (ii) two collagenous planar leaflets – anterior and posterior; (iii) web of chordae tendineae – classified into primary (inserting at the free edge of the leaflet), secondary (inserting into the base of the leaflet), tertiary (inserting into the annulus); and (iv) two papillary muscles that are part of the left ventricle. Normal function of the mitral valve involves a delicate force balance between different components of the valve.

Biaxial Compliance Changes of Mitral Valve Leaflets Following Radiofrequency Ablation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn G. Norwood ◽  
W. David Merryman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Posterior Leaflet ◽  
Anterior Leaflet ◽  
Retrograde Blood Flow

The mitral valve (MV), located between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart, is responsible for preventing retrograde blood flow by closing during systole. There are two MV leaflets, anterior and posterior. The anterior is the larger of the two and semicircular; the posterior leaflet is more rectangular and can be subdivided into three scallops, the middle scallop being the largest in most human hearts. The two leaflets are anchored to the wall of the left ventricle by the chordae tendinae. The MV annulus forms a complete fibrous ring anchored along the anterior leaflet (1).

scholarly journals Development of a fluid-structure interaction model to simulate mitral valve malcoaptation

Perfusion ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Hassani ◽  
Alireza Karimi ◽  
Ali Dehghani ◽  
Ali Tavakoli Golpaygani ◽  
Hamed Abdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Normal Mitral Valve ◽  
Leaflet Coaptation

Object: Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a condition in which the mitral valve does not prevent the reversal of blood flow from the left ventricle into the left atrium. This study aimed at numerically developing a model to mimic MR and poor leaflet coaptation and also comparing the performance of a normal mitral valve to that of the MR conditions at different gap junctions of 1, 3 and 5 mm between the anterior and posterior leaflets. Results: The results revealed no blood flow to the left ventricle when a gap between the leaflets was 0 mm. However, MR increased this blood flow, with increases in the velocity and pressure within the atrium. However, the pressure within the aorta did not vary meaningfully (ranging from 22 kPa for a ‘healthy’ model to 25 kPa for severe MR). Conclusions: The findings from this study have implications not only for understanding the changes in pressure and velocity as a result of MR in the ventricle, atrium or aorta, but also for the development of a computational model suitable for clinical translation when diagnosing and determining treatment for MR.

Mitral regurgitation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazem Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Chordae Tendineae

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the reflux of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium as a result of dysfunction of the mitral valve. MR can result from abnormalities of any part of the mitral valve apparatus (valve leaflets, annulus, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles), or dilatation/disease of the left ventricle.

scholarly journals Mitral annulus and left atrium wall abscess fistulized to the left ventricle

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 584-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Zarauza ◽  
Jose A. Vázquez de Prada ◽  
Jose M. Cuesta ◽  
Pilar Ortiz ◽  
Salvador Diez-Aja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Mitral Annulus

The Influence of Mitral Valve Prosthesis Selection on the Blood Flow in the Left Ventricle

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 68-70
Author(s):  
Ulrich Steinseifer ◽  
Christoph Schmitz ◽  
Matthias Menne
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Valve Prosthesis ◽  
Mitral Valve Prosthesis

scholarly journals Heart anatomy of Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi: a case report

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Perez ◽  
M. Lima ◽  
G. Pedrana ◽  
F. Cirillo
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Auricle ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Atrioventricular Valve ◽  
Heart Anatomy ◽  
The Right

In the present study the most outstanding anatomical findings of the heart of a giraffe are described. Two papillary muscles were found in the right ventricle, namely magnus and subarterial. There were no papillary parvi muscles. The supraventricular crest gave insertion to various tendinous chords. These chords fixed the angular cusp of the right atrioventricular valve. The pectinate muscles were better developed in the left auricle than in the right one. Within the left ventricle two big papillary muscles were found as well as a notorious septomarginal trabecula. The left coronary artery irrigated the majority of the heart’s territory. It gave origin to the interventricular paraconal branch and to the circumflex branch. The latter gave off the branch of the left ventricular border and the interventricular subsinosal branch.

On the Interaction of Natural and Mechanical Heart Valve Leaflets With the Chordae Tendineae

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber R. Mace ◽  
Pavlos P. Vlachos ◽  
Demetri P. Telionis
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Mechanical Heart Valve ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Posterior Leaflet ◽  
Chordae Tendineae ◽  
Atrioventricular Ring

Long before mitral valve replacement (MVR) became a routine operation, physiologic studies indicated that the continuity of mitral leaflets with papillary muscles, chordae tendineae (CT) and the atrioventricular ring may play a decisive role in the function of the left ventricle (LV) [1]. This led Lillehei et al. [2] to establish a procedure whereby the posterior leaflet, its CT and papillary muscles were preserved in MVRs. These and other studies indicated a significant reduction of postoperative mortality compared to conventional MVR. Though developed in the early 1960s by Lillehei, the technique of chordal preservation was not initially accepted. It wasn’t until 1983 that surgeons began to revive the concept of MVR with preservation of the CT. As this technique became more widely known, many clinical studies were performed; however, very few have been conducted which examine the effect of leaflets and CT on flow dynamics.

scholarly journals P841 Case report of cardiac myxoma presenting with palpitations in young female

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nalmpantis
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Cardiac Myxoma ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Atrial Myxoma ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Common Symptom

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements none Introduction Atrial myxoma is a benign tumor of the heart , most commonly found in left atrium. The tumor must be surgically removed, because if remain untreated can lead to embolism, to arrhythmia and/or obstruction of mitral valve. Case report A 29 years old female presented due to palpitations and fatigue In the last two-three months. From recent blood tests she had a normal hematocrit and normal function of the thyroid gland. From the physical examination she had a blood pressure of 95/55 mmHg, S1S2 without any murmur, ECG with sinus rhythm and rsr" pattern. A bedside transthoracic echocardiography has performed and the findings were normal left systolic cardiac function, normal right systolic cardiac function, a large mass in left atrium without obstruction of mitral valve and a mild mitral regurgitation. The young female has been submitted for surgical removal of the cardiac mass and the anatomopathological examination has confirmed the benign nature of the atrial myxoma. Conlusion A common symptom such as palpitations are , has lead the young female to us in order to evaluate her and finally to reveal a benign cardiac tumor . Abstract P841 Figure. myxoma

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