Contribution of Mineral Crystals to the Bulk Behavior of Human Cortical Bone in Compression

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodu Wang ◽  
Bijay Giri ◽  
Jonathan Almer
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Strain Tensor ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Cortical Bone ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Synergistic Approach ◽  
Bulk Behavior ◽  
Loading Scheme

In this study, human cortical bone was tested in compression to determine the in situ behavior of mineral crystals using a synergistic approach combining a progressive loading scheme and synchrotron X-ray scattering techniques. By quantifying the orientation distribution of mineral crystals, the average strain tensor of each subset of mineral crystals in the same orientation was determined based on its lattice deformation in three distinct crystallographic directions. The stress tensor of the crystals was determined based on the Hooke’s law using the stiffness tensor well derived in the literature (1). By examining the concurrent changes in the in situ and bulk behaviors, the contribution of mineral crystals to the bulk behavior of bone was discussed.

scholarly journals Linking multiscale deformation to microstructure in cortical bone using in situ loading, digital image correlation and synchrotron X-ray scattering

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gustafsson ◽  
Neashan Mathavan ◽  
Mikael J Turunen ◽  
Jonas Engqvist ◽  
Hanifeh Khayyeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

A Revised O2 Reduction Model in Li-O2 Batteries as Revealed by in Situ Small Angle X-Ray Scattering

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Prehal ◽  
Aleksej Samojlov ◽  
Manfred Nachtnebel ◽  
Manfred Kriechbaum ◽  
Heinz Amenitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Reduction Mechanism ◽  
Reduction Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
O2 Reduction ◽  
Ray Scattering

<b>Here we use in situ small and wide angle X-ray scattering to elucidate unexpected mechanistic insights of the O2 reduction mechanism in Li-O2 batteries.<br></b>

In situ Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Reveals the Formation Kinetics of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Jeffrey Ting ◽  
Siqi Meng ◽  
Matthew Tirrell
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Ray Scattering

We have directly observed the <i>in situ</i> self-assembly kinetics of polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) micelles by synchrotron time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering, equipped with a stopped-flow device that provides millisecond temporal resolution. This work has elucidated one general kinetic pathway for the process of PEC micelle formation, which provides useful physical insights for increasing our fundamental understanding of complexation and self-assembly dynamics driven by electrostatic interactions that occur on ultrafast timescales.

Evolution of Pore Ordering during Anodizing of Aluminum Single Crystals: In Situ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya V. Roslyakov ◽  
Andrei P. Chumakov ◽  
Andrei A. Eliseev ◽  
Alexey P. Leontiev ◽  
Oleg V. Konovalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Scattering Study ◽  
Ray Scattering

scholarly journals Interaction of Poly L-Lactide and Tungsten Disulfide Nanotubes Studied by in Situ X-ray Scattering during Expansion of PLLA/WS2NT Nanocomposite Tubes

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1764
Author(s):  
Lison Rocher ◽  
Andrew S. Ylitalo ◽  
Tiziana Di Luccio ◽  
Riccardo Miscioscia ◽  
Giovanni De Filippo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extrusion Direction ◽  
Tungsten Disulfide ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Polymer Crystals ◽  
Neat Plla ◽  
Tube Expansion ◽  
Ray Scattering

In situ synchrotron X-ray scattering was used to reveal the transient microstructure of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA)/tungsten disulfide inorganic nanotubes (WS2NTs) nanocomposites. This microstructure is formed during the blow molding process (“tube expansion”) of an extruded polymer tube, an important step in the manufacturing of PLLA-based bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS). A fundamental understanding of how such a microstructure develops during processing is relevant to two unmet needs in PLLA-based BVS: increasing strength to enable thinner devices and improving radiopacity to enable imaging during implantation. Here, we focus on how the flow generated during tube expansion affects the orientation of the WS2NTs and the formation of polymer crystals by comparing neat PLLA and nanocomposite tubes under different expansion conditions. Surprisingly, the WS2NTs remain oriented along the extrusion direction despite significant strain in the transverse direction while the PLLA crystals (c-axis) form along the circumferential direction of the tube. Although WS2NTs promote the nucleation of PLLA crystals in nanocomposite tubes, crystallization proceeds with largely the same orientation as in neat PLLA tubes. We suggest that the reason for the unusual independence of the orientations of the nanotubes and polymer crystals stems from the favorable interaction between PLLA and WS2NTs. This favorable interaction leads WS2NTs to disperse well in PLLA and strongly orient along the axis of the PLLA tube during extrusion. As a consequence, the nanotubes are aligned orthogonally to the circumferential stretching direction, which appears to decouple the orientations of PLLA crystals and WS2NTs.

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