scholarly journals The influence of fuel surface roughness on ignition in the mining industry – an exploratory analysis

Author(s):  
Rickard Hansen ◽  
Nicholas Dembsey
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 01024
Author(s):  
Vladimir Lyukshin ◽  
Dmitry Shatko ◽  
Pavel Strelnikov

Traditionally, in any country, mining industry is a strategic sector of the economy, for the development of which a large amount of resources necessary for the production of modern mining equipment, machinery and mechanisms are allocated. In recent years, a steady trend of technical re-equipment of mining enterprises is noted. This measure allows improving labor productivity and increasing the depth of mining due to the modernization of the existing mining equipment and the introduction of the new one; key attention being paid to the quality and reliability of the equipment produced. The current situation of the domestic mining machinery manufacturing market clearly demonstrates a strong dependence on foreign suppliers. In this case, a competent approach to the issues of import substitution in the industry, providing for the development and production of competitive domestic mining equipment that meets all the requirements and expectations of consumers, is urgently needed. As a rule, manufacturers of mining equipment use the entire machinery manufacturing cycle, ranging from blanking and to product assembly. At all stages of manufacturing, it is necessary to follow part processing technology, providing for the assurance of the required surface roughness, surface layer properties and other quality indicators. All this can be provided by a promising method of part processing – tumbling.


Author(s):  
I. H. Musselman ◽  
R.-T. Chen ◽  
P. E. Russell

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been used to characterize the surface roughness of nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers. A review of STM of polymer surfaces is included in this volume. The NLO polymers are instrumental in the development of electrooptical waveguide devices, the most fundamental of which is the modulator. The most common modulator design is the Mach Zehnder interferometer, in which the input light is split into two legs and then recombined into a common output within the two dimensional waveguide. A π phase retardation, resulting in total light extinction at the output of the interferometer, can be achieved by changing the refractive index of one leg with respect to the other using the electrooptic effect. For best device performance, it is essential that the NLO polymer exhibit minimal surface roughness in order to reduce light scattering. Scanning tunneling microscopy, with its high lateral and vertical resolution, is capable of quantifying the NLO polymer surface roughness induced by processing. Results are presented below in which STM was used to measure the surface roughness of films produced by spin-coating NLO-active polymers onto silicon substrates.


Author(s):  
H. Kinney ◽  
M.L. Occelli ◽  
S.A.C. Gould

For this study we have used a contact mode atomic force microscope (AFM) to study to topography of fluidized cracking catalysts (FCC), before and after contamination with 5% vanadium. We selected the AFM because of its ability to well characterize the surface roughness of materials down to the atomic level. It is believed that the cracking in the FCCs occurs mainly on the catalysts top 10-15 μm suggesting that the surface corrugation could play a key role in the FCCs microactivity properties. To test this hypothesis, we chose vanadium as a contaminate because this metal is capable of irreversibly destroying the FCC crystallinity as well as it microporous structure. In addition, we wanted to examine the extent to which steaming affects the vanadium contaminated FCC. Using the AFM, we measured the surface roughness of FCCs, before and after contamination and after steaming.We obtained our FCC (GRZ-1) from Davison. The FCC is generated so that it contains and estimated 35% rare earth exchaged zeolite Y, 50% kaolin and 15% binder.


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