Theory of planar electrode systems for integrated-optic devices

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Sotsky ◽  
Luidmila I. Sotskaya ◽  
V. I. Sivucha
2014 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
A. A. Parshintsev ◽  
E. S. Soldatov ◽  
V. V. Kashin ◽  
V. V. Kolesov ◽  
S. V. Krupenin ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
G. F. Rempfer

In photoelectron microscopy (PEM), also called photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM), the image is formed by electrons which have been liberated from the specimen by ultraviolet light. The electrons are accelerated by an electric field before being imaged by an electron lens system. The specimen is supported on a planar electrode (or the electrode itself may be the specimen), and the accelerating field is applied between the specimen, which serves as the cathode, and an anode. The accelerating field is essentially uniform except for microfields near the surface of the specimen and a diverging field near the anode aperture. The uniform field forms a virtual image of the specimen (virtual specimen) at unit lateral magnification, approximately twice as far from the anode as is the specimen. The diverging field at the anode aperture in turn forms a virtual image of the virtual specimen at magnification 2/3, at a distance from the anode of 4/3 the specimen distance. This demagnified virtual image is the object for the objective stage of the lens system.


Author(s):  
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Author(s):  
Yaqoub Yusuf ◽  
Jodi Boutte’ ◽  
Asante’ Lloyd ◽  
Emma Fortune ◽  
Renaldo C. Blocker

A workplace that is a conduit for positive emotions can be important to employees retention and can contribute optimal levels of productivity. Validated tools for examining emotions are primarily subjective and retrospective in nature. Recent advances in technology have led to more novel and passive ways of measuring emotions. Wearable sensors, such as electroencephalogram (EEG), are being explored to assess cognitive and physical burdens objectively and in real-time. Therefore, there exists a need to investigate and validate the use of EEG to examine emotions objectively and in real-time. In this paper, we conducted a scoping review of EEG to measure positive emotions and/or indicators of joy in the workplace. Our review results in 22 articles that employ EEG to study joy in occupational settings. Three major themes identified in the analysis include (1) EEG for symptoms detection and outcomes, (2) Populations studied using EEG, and (3) EEG electrode systems.


1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gay ◽  
Katherine S. Harris

This paper describes current instrumental methods of obtaining and processing electromyographic data for the study of speech. Methods described include electrode systems, data reduction operations; and computer averaging techniques. The particular problems associated with each method are discussed.


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