Analysis and compensation of the measurement error in a lock-in amplifier used for wavelength shift measurement

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Jiang Shi ◽  
Yanong N. Ning ◽  
Kenneth T. V. Grattan ◽  
Andrew W. Palmer ◽  
Shanglian Huang
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Pham Van Hoi ◽  
Nguyen Thuy Van ◽  
Pham Van Dai ◽  
Le Huu Thang ◽  
Nguyen Van An ◽  
...  

The photonic sensors have shown very effectively for measuring the toxic contents in the liquid and air environments. In principle, the photonic sensors based on measurement of wavelength shift between reference condition and testing environments that we need use the spectrometer with high cost. In this paper, we present new configurations of photonic devices for measuring wavelength shift without use of spectrometer, which has a large potential for application in sensing technique with low cost. There are two configurations of photonic sensors are presented: i) first of them is based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) combined with DFB laser diode with controlling wavelength emission by laser temperature and ii) second one is used  the fiber ring laser from Erbium-doped fiber and two FBG operated as  reference and sensing probe. The etched-fiber Bragg grating (e-FBG) as sensing probe is suitable for bio- and/ or chemical sensors. A novel photonic sensor can increase sensitivity and measuring accuracy of device by the narrow line-width of reflection spectra from laser and the sensor can determine a refractive index variation of 2x10-4, which is similarly for high resolution spectrometer. The experimental results show that this sensing method could determine different mixing ratios of organic solvents in liquid environment with good repeatability, high accuracy and rapid response.Keywords:


2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 606004
Author(s):  
李智忠 LI Zhizhong ◽  
许忠良 XU Zhongliang ◽  
李海涛 LI Haitao ◽  
程玉胜 CHENG Yusheng ◽  
史秋亮 SHI Qiuliang

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Xie ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Daoxin Dai

A design rule for a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensor is presented, allowing tunable sensitivity by appropriately choosing the MZI arm lengths according to the formula given in this paper. The present MZI sensor designed by this method can achieve an ultra-high sensitivity, which is much higher than any other traditional MZI sensors. An example is given with silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowires and the device sensitivity is as high as 106 nm/refractive-index -unit (or even higher), by choosing the MZI arms appropriately. This makes it possible for one to realize a low-cost optical sensing system with a detection limit as high as 10−6 refractive-index-unit, even when a cheap optical spectrum analyzer with low-resolution (e.g., 1 nm) is used for the wavelength-shift measurement.


1998 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1961-1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Shi ◽  
Y. N. Ning ◽  
K. T. V. Grattan ◽  
A. W. Palmer

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rantala ◽  
D. Wu ◽  
G. Busse
Keyword(s):  

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz F. Hornke

Summary: Item parameters for several hundreds of items were estimated based on empirical data from several thousands of subjects. The logistic one-parameter (1PL) and two-parameter (2PL) model estimates were evaluated. However, model fit showed that only a subset of items complied sufficiently, so that the remaining ones were assembled in well-fitting item banks. In several simulation studies 5000 simulated responses were generated in accordance with a computerized adaptive test procedure along with person parameters. A general reliability of .80 or a standard error of measurement of .44 was used as a stopping rule to end CAT testing. We also recorded how often each item was used by all simulees. Person-parameter estimates based on CAT correlated higher than .90 with true values simulated. For all 1PL fitting item banks most simulees used more than 20 items but less than 30 items to reach the pre-set level of measurement error. However, testing based on item banks that complied to the 2PL revealed that, on average, only 10 items were sufficient to end testing at the same measurement error level. Both clearly demonstrate the precision and economy of computerized adaptive testing. Empirical evaluations from everyday uses will show whether these trends will hold up in practice. If so, CAT will become possible and reasonable with some 150 well-calibrated 2PL items.


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