Cost-efficient manufacturing process of switchable glazing based on twisted nematic LC cells

In the field of manufacturing processes it is observed that the trend is to produce more and more fast, efficiently parts with high complexity, which involves using a high number of tools in the machining process. One of the main solutions for high speed and efficient manufacturing is based on the full automation of the entire manufacturing process. The automatic changing of the tools involved in the manufacturing process is carried out by the automatic tool changing mechanism, thus the auxiliary non-productive time consumed with the tool change is highly minimized. In this paper we present a novel automatic tool changer which is both simple and compact, and any milling machining center provided with chain or disc tool magazine can be equipped with. Also by adopting the use of this tool changing mechanism other subassemblies of the tool changing system, such as the tool transfer mechanism and the waiting position, are substituted by this changing mechanism. The auxiliary movements needed to bring the tool from the magazine into the waiting position are overlapped with the machining time, so that the total time for exchanging the tool in the spindle with the tool from the magazine is minimized.

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Dielectric Coating of Cathodes for Microfabrication Using Electrochemical Method

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4003123 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 132 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anna Brusilovski

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Manufacturing Process ◽

Electrochemical Method ◽

Epoxy Resins ◽

Working Environment ◽

The Other ◽

Diamond Like Carbon ◽

Physical Environments ◽

Efficient Manufacturing ◽

Poor Adhesion

Pulse microelectrochemical machining (ECM) by bipolar current is a method allowing the manufacturing of microholes and micropatterns. In many cases, microholes with parallel walls and accurate micropatterns can only be manufactured with the application of an electrically isolating coating to the side surfaces of the cathode. The goal of this research was to find a durable coating for this process. Epoxy resins, Teflon, and diamond-like carbon are considered as dielectric cathode coatings. Different aspects of the working environment of these coatings in the pulse bipolar ECM process, such as electric field, chemical composition, and physical influences of the electrolyte, are analyzed. The main reasons for the low process durability of coatings are poor adhesion and harsh chemical and physical environments. The most promising coating for the process is diamond-like carbon, which shows significantly better performance than the other coatings. Improved adhesion of a coating to the cathode can dramatically improve its durability in the pulse bipolar ECM environment and therefore permits an efficient manufacturing process.

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mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: A future hope for cancer treatment

Journal of Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jbs.v8i2.41959 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 47-49

Author(s):

Ajay Kumar Yadav ◽

Suman Gnawali ◽

Sandip Mandal ◽

Gyan Bahadur Shrestha ◽

Gangbiao Yuan

Keyword(s):

Tumor Antigens ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Immune Stimulation ◽

Careful Evaluation ◽

High Effectiveness ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Cost Efficient ◽

Efficient Manufacturing ◽

Antigen Presenting ◽

Optimal Protection

Background: mRNA vaccines have a strong potential for a possible cancer therapy platform. They express tumor antigens in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) after immunization, facilitating innate/adaptive immune stimulation. Because of its high effectiveness, safe administration, rapid development potential, and cost-efficient manufacturing, the mRNA cancer vaccine surpasses other traditional vaccination platforms. Conclusion: Careful evaluation of promising mRNA vaccines to supervise as carriers of lipids for cancer patients needs to be done. In addition, a possible revaluation for optimal protection is required. However, the extent to which solid tumours might take a significant part of the vaccine doses is still unknown.

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