Erratum: ‘‘Glottal airflow and transglottal air pressure measurements for male and female speakers in soft, normal, and loud voice’’ [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, 511–529 (1988)]

1989 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1787-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva B. Holmberg ◽  
Robert E. Hillman ◽  
Joseph S. Perkell
Keyword(s):  
Air Pressure ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Male And Female

Signal Interpretation Considerations When Estimating Subglottal Pressure From Oral Air Pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1326-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany L. Perrine ◽  
Ronald C. Scherer ◽  
Jason A. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Standard Condition ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Pressure Waveform ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Air Leak ◽  
Pressure Signal ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Syllable Repetition ◽  
Subglottal Pressure

Purpose Oral air pressure measurements during lip occlusion for /pVpV/ syllable strings are used to estimate subglottal pressure during the vowel. Accuracy of this method relies on smoothly produced syllable repetitions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the oral air pressure waveform during the /p/ lip occlusions and propose physiological explanations for nonflat shapes. Method Ten adult participants were trained to produce the “standard condition” and were instructed to produce nonstandard tasks. Results from 8 participants are included. The standard condition required participants to produce /pːiːpːiː.../ syllables smoothly at approximately 1.5 syllables/s. The nonstandard tasks included an air leak between the lips, faster syllable repetition rates, an initial voiced consonant, and 2-syllable word productions. Results Eleven oral air pressure waveform shapes were identified during the lip occlusions, and plausible physiological explanations for each shape are provided based on the tasks in which they occurred. Training the use of the standard condition, the initial voice consonant condition, and the 2-syllable word production increased the likelihood of rectangular oral air pressure waveform shapes. Increasing the rate beyond 1.5 syllables/s improved the probability of producing rectangular oral air pressure signal shapes in some participants. Conclusions Visual and verbal feedback improved the likelihood of producing rectangular oral air pressure signal shapes. The physiological explanations of variations in the oral air pressure waveform shape may provide direction to the clinician or researcher when providing feedback to increase the accuracy of estimating subglottal pressure from oral air pressure.

Aerodynamic and Temporal Aspects of Velopharyngeal Function in Normal Speakers

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Zajac ◽  
Robert Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Air Pressure ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Oral Pressure ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Intraoral Air Pressure ◽  
Entire Word ◽  
Velopharyngeal Function

Aerodynamic and temporal characteristics of velopharyngeal function were determined for 42 adult male and female speakers. All subjects produced the word "hamper" at self-determined loudness levels and rates of speaking. Measurements of intraoral air pressure, nasal airflow, and estimates of velopharyngeal orifice size were obtained during production of the /m/ and /p/ segments. Volume measurements of nasal airflow were determined for the entire word, the /m/ segment, and the segments preceding /m/. Fifteen timing measures associated with the pressure-flow events of the nasal-plosive sequence were also determined. Results indicated that males generated significantly higher levels of peak intraoral air pressure than females during /p/. Male speakers also exhibited a significantly shorter interval in the rise of oral pressure associated with the /p/ segment. Male and female speakers, however, exhibited similar levels of anticipatory coarticulation as reflected by nasal air volume measurements. Finally, variability of selected measurements within speakers suggested that temporal aspects of velopharyngeal function were more constrained than aerodynamic aspects. The results are discussed relative to (a) sex differences in respiratory and velar function and (b) normative data for adult speakers.

scholarly journals FREE AIR PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS

1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
W J Howard ◽  
R D Jones
Keyword(s):  
Air Pressure ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Free Air

Modelling of Air Flow in Impacted Polyurethane Foam

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J. Mills ◽  
G. Lyn
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Impact Response ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Uniform Stress ◽  
Total Stress ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
Made In

Polyurethane (PU) chip foam was characterised for air flow resistance, using a modification of the BS 4443 method, and for compressive impact response. A finite difference model was developed for the air flow in the impacted foam, including the effects of strain on foam permeability. It successfully predicted a non-uniform stress distribution across foam block of diameter > 100 mm, and showed that air flow is responsible for some but not all the hysteresis in this distribution for impact velocities > 3 m/s. Air pressure measurements, made in narrow vertical cavities inside impacted blocks of the foam, confirm the air pressure contribution to the total stress.

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