Forward‐masked intensity increment thresholds at two recovery times

Lab-scale simulated biofilm reactors, including aerated reactors disturbed by short-term aeration interruption (AE-D) and non-aerated reactors disturbed by short-term aeration (AN-D), were established to study the stable-state (SS) formation and recovery after disturbance for nitrogen transformation in terms of dissolved oxygen (DO), removal efficiency (RE) of NH4+-N and NO3−-N and activity of key nitrogen-cycle functional genes amoA and nirS (RNA level abundance, per ball). SS formation and recovery of DO were completed in 0.56–7.75 h after transition between aeration (Ae) and aeration stop (As). In terms of pollutant REs, new temporary SS formation required 30.7–52.3 h after Ae and As interruptions, and seven-day Ae/As interruptions required 5.0% to 115.5% longer recovery times compared to one-day interruptions in AE-D and AN-D systems. According to amoA activity, 60.8 h were required in AE-D systems to establish new temporary SS after As interruptions, and RNA amoA copies (copy number/microliter) decreased 88.5%, while 287.2 h were required in AN-D systems, and RNA amoA copies (copy number/microliter) increased 36.4 times. For nirS activity, 75.2–85.8 h were required to establish new SSs after Ae and As interruptions. The results suggested that new temporary SS formation and recovery in terms of DO, pollutant REs and amoA and nirS gene activities could be modelled by logistic functions. It is concluded that temporary SS formation and recovery after Ae and As interruptions occurred at asynchronous rates in terms of DO, pollutant REs and amoA and nirS gene activities. Because of DO fluctuations, the quantitative relationship between gene activity and pollutant RE remains a challenge.

Download Full-text

Tin Disulfide-Coated Microfiber for Humidity Sensing with Fast Response and High Sensitivity

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11060648 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 648

Author(s):

Aijie Liang ◽

Jingyuan Ming ◽

Wenguo Zhu ◽

Heyuan Guan ◽

Xinyang Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Humidity Sensor ◽

Small Diameter ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Large Change ◽

Small Variation ◽

Response Speed ◽

Fast Response ◽

Tin Disulfide ◽

Recovery Times ◽

Response And Recovery

Breath monitoring is significant in assessing human body conditions, such as cardiac and pulmonary symptoms. Optical fiber-based sensors have attracted much attention since they are immune to electromagnetic radiation, thus are safe for patients. Here, a microfiber (MF) humidity sensor is fabricated by coating tin disulfide (SnS2) nanosheets onto the surface of MF. The small diameter (~8 μm) and the long length (~5 mm) of the MF promise strong interaction between guiding light and SnS2. Thus, a small variation in the relative humidity (RH) will lead to a large change in optical transmitted power. A high RH sensitivity of 0.57 dB/%RH is therefore achieved. The response and recovery times are estimated to be 0.08 and 0.28 s, respectively. The high sensitivity and fast response speed enable our SnS2-MF sensor to monitor human breath in real time.

Download Full-text

Body mass and sex, not local climate, drive differences in chill coma recovery times in common garden reared bumble bees

Journal of Comparative Physiology B ◽

10.1007/s00360-021-01385-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

K. Jeannet Oyen ◽

Laura E. Jardine ◽

Zachary M. Parsons ◽

James D. Herndon ◽

James P. Strange ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Common Garden ◽

Bumble Bees ◽

Local Climate ◽

Chill Coma ◽

Recovery Times

Download Full-text

Patient-reported symptoms during dialysis: the effect of pre-dialysis extracellular water and change in extracellular water post-dialysis

Renal Replacement Therapy ◽

10.1186/s41100-021-00321-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Suree Yoowannakul ◽

Surachet Vongsanim ◽

Kamonwan Tangvoraphonkchai ◽

Ahmed Mohamed ◽

Andrew Davenport

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Water ◽

Volume Depletion ◽

Dialysis Treatment ◽

Lower Tertile ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Low Blood Pressure ◽

Symptom Scores ◽

Recovery Times ◽

Patient Groups

Abstract Background Quality of life for haemodialysis (HD) patients may be affected by symptoms during dialysis treatments, and patient groups have highlighted the need to improve post-dialysis fatigue and dialysis-related symptoms. As changes in extracellular water (ECW) may lead to cramps and other symptoms, we wished to determine whether there was an association between ECW and intra-dialytic symptoms. Methods We reviewed the hospital records of HD patients who completed a self-reported intra-dialytic symptom questionnaire, using a visual analogue scale, who had contemporaneous pre- and postdialysis bioimpedance ECW measurements adjusted to height (aECW). Results We studied dialysis sessions of 506 patients, 314 (62.1%) male, 226 (44.7%) diabetic, mean age 64.6 ± 15.7 years, weight 69.9 ± 17.4 kg, and duration of dialysis treatment 26 (9.6–60.1) months. We divided patients into three groups according to pre-dialysis aECW, and total dialysis symptom scores were greater for those in the lower tertile (25 (10–41) vs middle 18 (8.5–34) vs upper 20 (7–31), p < 0.05). Only feeling cold, dizziness, and low blood pressure were statistically different between the three pre-dialysis aECW groups, and there was no difference in post-dialysis recovery times. We analysed the effect of the fall in aECW pre-to post-dialysis. Patients in the group with the greatest fall in aECW did not report more intra-dialytic symptoms or longer recovery times. Conclusion We found that patients starting dialysis with lower relative ECW were more likely to report intra-dialytic symptoms than those with greater amounts of fluid to remove, and most commonly reported symptoms were associated with intra-vascular volume depletion.

Download Full-text

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of postpartum acute kidney injury

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060520988388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 030006052098838

Author(s):

Hong Shu ◽

Fang Nie

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Renal Recovery ◽

Replacement Treatment ◽

Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽

Recovery Times ◽

Low Platelet Count ◽

Lost To Follow Up

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognoses of patients with postpartum acute kidney injury (PPAKI). Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical presentations, laboratory examinations, treatments, and outcomes of patients with PPAKI admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to December 2017. We then analyzed the clinical characteristics and prognoses of the mothers and their infants. Results Of 37 patients diagnosed with PPAKI, 26 (70.3%) received treatment in the intensive care unit, mainly for hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome (28/37, 75.7%), pre-eclampsia (26/37, 70.3%), and postpartum hemorrhage (22/37, 59.5%). Twenty patients required renal replacement treatment (RRT), but renal recovery times were similar in the RRT and non-RRT groups. Renal function recovered completely in 30 patients (81.1%) and partially in one patient (2.7%), and was not re-examined in two patients (5.4%). Three patients (8.1%) were lost to follow-up. Only one patient (2.7%) remained dialysis-dependent, and no maternal deaths occurred. The preterm birth, low birth weight, and infant survival rates were 70.7% (29/41), 68.3% (28/41), and 78.0% (32/41), respectively. Conclusion RRT does not reduce renal recovery time compared with non-RRT. Overall, the prognoses of both mothers and their fetuses are good following treatment for PPAKI.

Download Full-text

Corrigendum to “Fatal coastal drowning incidents: A 10-year review of body recovery times in New Zealand” [Forensic Sci. Int. 317C (2020) 110573]

Forensic Science International ◽

10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110711 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 320 ◽

pp. 110711

Author(s):

Jonathon Webber ◽

Kevin Moran ◽

Claire French ◽

Felicity Fozard ◽

Olivia Pearless

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Recovery Times

Download Full-text