Properties influencing the transmission loss and mitigation of the underwater sound from marine pile driving

2013 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 4025-4025
Author(s):  
Peter H. Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Pile Driving ◽  
Underwater Sound

Flow-dependent modeling of acoustic propagation based on DG-FEM method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zichen Wang ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Xuefeng Zhang ◽  
Can Lu ◽  
Kangkang Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Propagation ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Acoustic Propagation ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Current Speed ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Underwater Sound ◽  
Ocean Environment

AbstractThis paper proposes a two-dimensional underwater sound propagation model using the Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Method (DG-FEM) to investigate the influence of current on sound propagation. The acoustic field is calculated by the convected wave equation with the current speed parameter. Based on the current speed data from an assimilation model, a two-dimensional coupled acoustic propagation model in the Fram Strait water area is established to observe the variability in propagation loss under different seasonal velocities in the real ocean environment. The transmission loss and signal time structure are examined. The results obtained in different source frequencies are also compared. It appears that the current velocity, time and range variation all have an effect on underwater sound propagation.

Underwater sound from pile driving and protected marine species issues

2012 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 2034-2034
Author(s):  
Amy R. Scholik-Schlomer ◽  
Jason Gedamke
Keyword(s):  
Marine Species ◽  
Pile Driving ◽  
Underwater Sound

Underwater sound pressures from marine pile driving

2004 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 2648-2648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Rodkin ◽  
James A. Reyff
Keyword(s):  
Pile Driving ◽  
Underwater Sound

A PROPOSED METHOD TO ASSESS PHYSICAL INJURY TO FISHES FROM UNDERWATER SOUND PRODUCED DURING PILE DRIVING

Bioacoustics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 289-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID P. WOODBURY ◽  
JOHN H. STADLER
Keyword(s):  
Pile Driving ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Underwater Sound

scholarly journals Ship noise in an urban estuary extends to frequencies used for echolocation by endangered killer whales

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Veirs ◽  
Val Veirs ◽  
Jason D Wood
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Source Spectrum ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Underwater Sound ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Location Data

Combining calibrated hydrophone measurements with vessel location data from the Automatic Identification System, we estimate underwater sound pressure levels for 1,582 unique ships that transited the core critical habitat of the endangered Southern Resident killer whales during 28 months between March, 2011, and October, 2013. Median received spectrum levels of noise from 2,812 isolated transits are elevated relative to median background levels not only at low frequencies (20-30 dB re 1 μPa2/Hz from 100-1000 Hz), but also at high frequencies (5-13 dB re 1 μPa2/Hz from 10,000-96,000 Hz). Thus, noise received from ships at ranges less than 3 km extends to frequencies used by odontocetes like the southern resident killer whales for communication and echolocation. Broadband received levels (11.5-40,000 Hz) near the shoreline in Haro Strait (WA, USA) for the entire ship population were 111 ± 6 dB re 1 μPa on average. Mean ship speed was 14.4 ± 4.1 knots. Most ship classes show a linear relationship between received level and speed with a slope near +1 dB/knot. Assuming near-spherical spreading based on a transmission loss experiment we compute mean broadband source levels for the ship population of 173 ± 7 dB re 1 μPa @ 1 m without accounting for frequency-dependent absorption. Spectrum, 1/12- octave, and 1/3-octave source levels for the whole population have median values that are comparable to previous measurements and models at most frequencies, but for select studies may be relatively low below 200 Hz and high above 20,000 Hz. Median source spectrum levels peak near 50 Hz for all 12 ship classes, have a maximum of 159 dB re 1 μPa2/Hz @ 1 m for container ships, and vary between classes by about 25 dB re 1 μPa2/Hz @ 1 m at low frequencies (50 Hz), 13 dB re 1 μPa2/Hz @ 1 m at mid-frequencies (1,000 Hz), and 5 dB re 1 μPa2/Hz @ 1 m at high frequencies (10,000 Hz). Below 200 Hz, the class-specific median spectrum levels bifurcate with large commercial ships grouping as higher power noise sources. Within all ship classes spectrum levels vary more at low frequencies than at high frequencies, and the degree of variability is almost halved for classes that have smaller speed standard deviations.

scholarly journals Ship noise extends to frequencies used for echolocation by endangered killer whales

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Veirs ◽  
Val Veirs ◽  
Jason D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Source Spectrum ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Underwater Sound ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Location Data

Combining calibrated hydrophone measurements with vessel location data from the Automatic Identification System, we estimate underwater sound pressure levels for 1,582 unique ships that transited the core critical habitat of the endangered Southern Resident killer whales during 28 months between March, 2011, and October, 2013. Median received spectrum levels of noise from 2,809 isolated transits are elevated relative to median background levels not only at low frequencies (20–30 dB re 1 µPa2/Hz from 100 to 1,000 Hz), but also at high frequencies (5–13 dB from 10,000 to 96,000 Hz). Thus, noise received from ships at ranges less than 3 km extends to frequencies used by odontocetes. Broadband received levels (11.5–40,000 Hz) near the shoreline in Haro Strait (WA, USA) for the entire ship population were 110 ± 7 dB re 1 µPa on average. Assuming near-spherical spreading based on a transmission loss experiment we compute mean broadband source levels for the ship population of 173 ± 7 dB re 1 µPa 1 m without accounting for frequency-dependent absorption. Mean ship speed was 7.3 ± 2.0 m/s (14.1 ± 3.9 knots). Most ship classes show a linear relationship between source level and speed with a slope near +2 dB per m/s (+1 dB/knot). Spectrum, 1/12-octave, and 1/3-octave source levels for the whole population have median values that are comparable to previous measurements and models at most frequencies, but for select studies may be relatively low below 200 Hz and high above 20,000 Hz. Median source spectrum levels peak near 50 Hz for all 12 ship classes, have a maximum of 159 dB re 1 µPa2/Hz @ 1 m for container ships, and vary between classes. Below 200 Hz, the class-specific median spectrum levels bifurcate with large commercial ships grouping as higher power noise sources. Within all ship classes spectrum levels vary more at low frequencies than at high frequencies, and the degree of variability is almost halved for classes that have smaller speed standard deviations. This is the first study to present source spectra for populations of different ship classes operating in coastal habitats, including at higher frequencies used by killer whales for both communication and echolocation.

Underwater sound from pile driving, what is it and why does it matter

2014 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 2312-2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Dahl ◽  
Per G. Reinhall ◽  
Arthur N. Popper ◽  
Mardi C. Hastings ◽  
Michael A. Ainslie
Keyword(s):  
Pile Driving ◽  
Underwater Sound
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