Ultrasonic backscatter difference measurements of cancellous bone from the human femur: Relation to bone mineral density and microstructure

To investigate the manner in which cancellous bone in different skeletal sites and within a bone site adapts to strenuous training, 5-wk-old male rats were subjected to intensive treadmill running [80% of maximal O2 consumption (VO2max)] for 11 wk. VO2max, tibia length, and bone mineral density were measured. Histomorphometric analysis was performed in the epiphysis, primary spongiosa (1 zero sp) and secondary spongiosa (2 zero sp) of the contralateral proximal tibia, and the 2 zero sp of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. VO2max was increased by 39%. No changes were observed in vertebrae. Tibia length, 1 zero sp bone volume, and number of trabeculae were significantly decreased, indicating a retarded longitudinal bone growth. Bone mineral density in the proximal tibia was significantly decreased. In the epiphysis, a trabecular thinning and an increase of trabecular number were shown. In the 2 zero sp, bone volume and number of trabeculae were significantly decreased. The increased total eroded surfaces could indicate an early but transient increase in bone resorption activity. Osteoid thickness was reduced, whereas osteoclast number and osteoid surfaces were unchanged, suggesting that the observed bone loss was mostly due to an impaired osteoblastic activity. In conclusion, 1) strenuous training in young rats reduces longitudinal bone growth and induces bone loss, 2) the cancellous bone adaptation is site specific, and 3) the bone loss is mainly due to decreased osteoblastic activity rather than a global adaptation of bone remodeling.

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Quantitative dual-energy CT for phantomless evaluation of cancellous bone mineral density of the vertebral pedicle: correlation with pedicle screw pull-out strength

European Radiology ◽

10.1007/s00330-014-3529-7 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 1714-1720 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Julian L. Wichmann ◽

Christian Booz ◽

Stefan Wesarg ◽

Ralf W. Bauer ◽

J. Matthias Kerl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Pedicle Screw ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Cancellous Bone ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Dual Energy Ct ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Pull Out ◽

Pull Out Strength

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Anabolic Effect of Estrogen Replacement on Bone in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis: Histomorphometric Evidence in a Longitudinal Study1

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jcem.86.1.7161 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 289-295

Author(s):

Gautam Khastgir ◽

John Studd ◽

Nigel Holland ◽

Jamshid Alaghband-Zadeh ◽

Simon Fox ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Cancellous Bone ◽

Wall Thickness ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Anabolic Effect ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Bone Biopsies ◽

Bone Gain

It is well recognized that estrogen (E2) prevents postmenopausal bone loss by suppressing bone resorption. Despite evidence that E2 may also stimulate bone formation in animals, an anabolic effect in humans is still controversial. To investigate this, we studied 22 older postmenopausal females, with a mean age of 65.4 yr and mean interval of 16.9 yr since menopause and low bone mineral density. Transcortical iliac bone biopsies were performed before and 6 yr after E2 replacement therapy (ERT) [75 mg percutaneous E2 replaced 6-monthly plus oral medroxy progesterone acetate (5 mg daily) for 10 days each calendar month]. The mean serum E2 level after 6 yr of treatment was 1077 (range, 180-2568) pmol/L. Bone mineral density improved in every patient, with a median increase of 31.4% at the lumbar spine and 15.1% at the proximal femur. Bone histomorphometry showed an increase in cancellous bone volume from 10.75% to 17.31% (P < 0.001). The wall thickness after 6 yr of E2 treatment was 38.30 μm compared with 31.20 μm before commencement of ERT (P < 0.0005), indicating net bone gain. This is the first report showing histological evidence for an increase in cancellous bone volume, together with an increase in wall thickness, in a longitudinal follow-up study of ERT in older postmenopausal women. Our results show that E2 is capable of exerting an anabolic effect in women with osteoporosis, even when started well into the menopause.

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