The role of attention in listening-in-noise

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 2651-2651
Author(s):  
Rochelle S. Newman ◽  
Monita Chatterjee ◽  
Karen Mulak ◽  
Janet Frick ◽  
Emily Shroads
Keyword(s):  
Listening In Noise

scholarly journals Examining the Role of Eye Movements During Conversational Listening in Noise

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edin Šabić ◽  
Daniel Henning ◽  
Hunter Myüz ◽  
Audrey Morrow ◽  
Michael C. Hout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Listening In Noise

scholarly journals The role of efferents in human auditory development: efferent inhibition predicts frequency discrimination in noise for children

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 2437-2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srikanta K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Discrimination ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Efferent System ◽  
Efferent Inhibition ◽  
Hearing In Noise ◽  
Medial Olivocochlear Efferents ◽  
Medial Olivocochlear ◽  
Listening In Noise

Despite several decades of research, the functional role of medial olivocochlear efferents in humans remains controversial and is thought to be insignificant. Here it is shown that medial efferent inhibition strongly predicts frequency discrimination in noise for younger children but not for older children and adults. Young children are relatively more dependent on the efferent system for listening-in-noise. This study highlights the role of the efferent system in hearing-in-noise during childhood development.

scholarly journals A Novel Auditory-Cognitive Training App for Delaying or Preventing the Onset of Dementia: Participatory Design With Stakeholders

10.2196/19880 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e19880
Author(s):  
Emily Frost ◽  
Talya Porat ◽  
Paresh Malhotra ◽  
Lorenzo Picinali
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
App Development ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Listening In Noise ◽  
Attentional Tasks

Background Multiple gaming apps exist under the dementia umbrella for skills such as navigation; however, an app to specifically investigate the role of hearing loss in the process of cognitive decline is yet to be designed. There is a demonstrable gap in the utilization of games to further the knowledge of the potential relationship between hearing loss and dementia. Objective This study aims to identify the needs, facilitators, and barriers in designing a novel auditory-cognitive training gaming app. Methods A participatory design approach was used to engage key stakeholders across audiology and cognitive disorder specialties. Two rounds, including paired semistructured interviews and focus groups, were completed and thematically analyzed. Results A total of 18 stakeholders participated, and 6 themes were identified to inform the next stage of app development. These included congruence with hobbies, life getting in the way, motivational challenge, accessibility, addictive competition, and realism. Conclusions The findings can now be implemented in the development of the app. The app will be evaluated against outcome measures of speech listening in noise, cognitive and attentional tasks, quality of life, and usability.

scholarly journals A Novel Auditory-Cognitive Training App for Delaying or Preventing the Onset of Dementia: Participatory Design With Stakeholders (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Frost ◽  
Talya Porat ◽  
Paresh Malhotra ◽  
Lorenzo Picinali
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
App Development ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Listening In Noise ◽  
Attentional Tasks

BACKGROUND Multiple gaming apps exist under the dementia umbrella for skills such as navigation; however, an app to specifically investigate the role of hearing loss in the process of cognitive decline is yet to be designed. There is a demonstrable gap in the utilization of games to further the knowledge of the potential relationship between hearing loss and dementia. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify the needs, facilitators, and barriers in designing a novel auditory-cognitive training gaming app. METHODS A participatory design approach was used to engage key stakeholders across audiology and cognitive disorder specialties. Two rounds, including paired semistructured interviews and focus groups, were completed and thematically analyzed. RESULTS A total of 18 stakeholders participated, and 6 themes were identified to inform the next stage of app development. These included congruence with hobbies, life getting in the way, motivational challenge, accessibility, addictive competition, and realism. CONCLUSIONS The findings can now be implemented in the development of the app. The app will be evaluated against outcome measures of speech listening in noise, cognitive and attentional tasks, quality of life, and usability.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

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