Consumption of Carbonated and Noncarbonated Sports Drinks during Prolonged Treadmill Exercise in the Heat

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Ryan ◽  
Amy E. Navarre ◽  
Carl V. Gisolfi
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sports Drinks ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Test Drink ◽  
Carbonated Drink

These studies were done to determine the effect of carbonation and carbohydrate content on either gastric emptying or ad libitum drinking during treadmill exercise in the heat. Four test drinks were used: a 6% carbohydrate, noncarbonated; a 6% carbohydrate, carbonated; a 10% carbohydrate, noncarbonated; and a 10% carbohydrate, carbonated drink. For gastric emptying studies, subjects completed four 1-hr treadmill runs in the heat. They were given 400 mL of test drink at 0 rnin and 200 mL at 15, 30, and 45 min of exercise. For ad libitum drinking studies, subjects completed four 2-hr treadmill runs in the heat. Gastric residual volumes were similar during the four 1-hr runs. During the 2-hr runs, ad libitum drinking of the four beverages was also similar. Mean values for sweat rate, percentage of body weight lost, and percentage of fluid replaced by ad libitum drinking were similar for the four trials. Similar changes in heart rate, rectal temperature, and ratings of perceived exertion were also observed during the four 2-hr treadmill runs. We conclude that the presence of carbonation in a carbohydrate drink did not have a significant effect on either gastric emptying or ad libitum drinking.

The Perceptual Response to Treadmill Exercise Using the Eston-Parfitt Scale and Marble Dropping Task, in Children Age 7 to 8 Years

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Lambrick ◽  
Ann V. Rowlands ◽  
Roger G. Eston
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Perceptual Response ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Insight Into

This study assessed the nature of the perceived exertion response to treadmill running in 14 healthy 7–8 year-old children, using the Eston-Parfitt (E-P) Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale and a marble dropping task. For the E-P scale and the marble dropping task, the relationships between the RPE and work rate were best described as linear (R2 = .96) and curvilinear (R2 = .94), respectively. This study further suggests that individual respiratory-metabolic cues (oxygen uptake: O2, heart rate: HR, ventilation: V̇E) may significantly influence the overall RPE to varying degrees in young children. The E-P scale provides an intuitively meaningful and valid means of quantifying the overall perception of exertion in young, healthy children during treadmill running. The marble dropping task is a useful secondary measure of perceived exertion, which provides further insight into the nature of the perceived exertion response to exercise in young children.

Accuracy and Reproducibility of an Exercise Prescription Based on Ratings of Perceived Exertion for Treadmill and Cycle Ergometer Exercise

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1335-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Dunbar ◽  
Carole Goris ◽  
Donald W. Michielli ◽  
Michael I. Kalinski
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Target Intensity

The accuracy of regularing exercise intensity by Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) was examined. Subjects underwent 4 production trials, 2 on a treadmill (PIA, P1B) and 2 on a cycle ergometer (P2A, P2B). 9 untrained subjects used only their perceptions of effort to regulate exercise intensity. Target intensity was the RPE equivalent to 60% VO2mx. Exercise intensity (VO2) during P1A, P1B, and P2A did not differ from the target, but during P2B was lower than target. During P1A and P1B heart rate did not differ from the target but was lower than target during P2A and P2B. RPE seems a valid means of regulating exercise intensity during repeated bouts of treadmill exercise at 60% VO2max; however, exercise intensity during repeated bouts on the cycle ergometer may be lower than target.

Effects of Drink Carbonation on the Gastric Emptying Characteristics of Water and Flavored Water

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Zachwieja ◽  
David L. Costill ◽  
Jeffrey J. Widrick ◽  
Dawn E. Anderson ◽  
Glenn K. McConell
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Sport Drink ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Gastric Aspiration ◽  
Flavored Water ◽  
Experimental Trials

The intent of this study was to determine whether adding carbonation to either water or a low calorie sport drink would affect gastric emptying (GE). Fifteen subjects rode for 20 minutes on a cycle ergometer at 55% of max . After 5 minutes of exercise, the subjects ingested 5.5 mllkg body weight of a test solution: water (W), carbonated water (CW), and a low calorie sport drink in both a carbonated (C2C) and noncarbonated (2C) form. At the end of each ride, the stomach was emptied through gastric aspiration. The results indicate that carbonation has no effect on GE. However, the type of drink did have an effect on GE, as both 2C and C2C emptied from the stomach at a slower rate than either W or CW. Subjective ratings of gastrointestinal comfort were similar for both carbonated and noncarbonated forms, and at no time did the subjects report discomfort. The results were independent of the exercise challenge, as exercise intensity, heart rate, and ratings of perceived exertion did not differ between experimental trials. It is concluded that carbonation does not affect the GE characteristics of a drink taken during submaximal exercise, but the flavoring system of the low calorie beverage decreased the rate of GE by as much as 25% when compared to water.

Perceptual Responses to Deep Water Running and Treadmill Exercise

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley P. Brown ◽  
Linda F. Chitwood ◽  
Kim R. Beason ◽  
Deena R. McLemore
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Discrete Variables ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Deep Water Running

Perceived exertion during deep water running and treadmill exercise was measured to examine gender and mode-specific responses. Deep water running to VO2 peak was performed in 3-min. stages at leg speeds controlled by a metronome. Treadmill exercise was performed at matched leg speeds. VO2 and heart rate were continuously monitored by open circuit spirometry and radiotelemetry. Perceived exertion was measured using Borg's 6–20 point scale. Statistical analyses were performed using multiple linear regression with dummy coded discrete variables. Ratings of perceived exertion were significantly higher during deep water running when exercising at equal leg speeds. Mean rated perceived exertion at each stage of the test for either exercise mode was not significantly different between men and women.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document