scholarly journals Exploring the Efficacy of a Safe Cryotherapy Alternative: Physiological Temperature Changes From Cold-Water Immersion Versus Prolonged Cooling of Phase-Change Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1288-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Y. Kwiecien ◽  
Malachy P. McHugh ◽  
Stuart Goodall ◽  
Kirsty M. Hicks ◽  
Angus M. Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Change Material ◽  
Intramuscular Temperature

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness between cold-water immersion (CWI) and phase-change-material (PCM) cooling on intramuscular, core, and skin-temperature and cardiovascular responses. Methods: In a randomized, crossover design, 11 men completed 15 min of 15°C CWI to the umbilicus and 2-h recovery or 3 h of 15°C PCM covering the quadriceps and 1 h of recovery, separated by 24 h. Vastus lateralis intramuscular temperature at 1 and 3 cm, core and skin temperature, heart-rate variability, and thermal comfort were recorded at baseline and 15-min intervals throughout treatment and recovery. Results: Intramuscular temperature decreased (P < .001) during and after both treatments. A faster initial effect was observed from 15 min of CWI (Δ: 4.3°C [1.7°C] 1 cm; 5.5°C [2.1°C] 3 cm; P = .01). However, over time (2 h 15 min), greater effects were observed from prolonged PCM treatment (Δ: 4.2°C [1.9°C] 1 cm; 2.2°C [2.2°C] 3 cm; treatment × time, P = .0001). During the first hour of recovery from both treatments, intramuscular temperature was higher from CWI at 1 cm (P = .013) but not 3 cm. Core temperature deceased 0.25° (0.32°) from CWI (P = .001) and 0.28°C (0.27°C) from PCM (P = .0001), whereas heart-rate variability increased during both treatments (P = .001), with no differences between treatments. Conclusions: The magnitude of temperature reduction from CWI was comparable with PCM, but intramuscular temperature was decreased for longer during PCM. PCM cooling packs offer an alternative for delivering prolonged cooling whenever application of CWI is impractical while also exerting a central effect on core temperature and heart rate.

scholarly journals Effect of Cold Water Immersion versus Phase Change Material Cooling On Core and Intramuscular Temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Susan Y. Kwiecien ◽  
Malachy P. McHugh ◽  
Stuart Goodall ◽  
Kirsty M. Hicks ◽  
Angus M. Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Versus Phase ◽  
Change Material ◽  
Intramuscular Temperature

Cold water immersion in recovery of heart rate variability indices post-exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e3
Author(s):  
Aline Castilho de Almeida ◽  
Aryane Flauzino Machado ◽  
Lara Madeiral Netto ◽  
Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei ◽  
Jayme Netto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Post Exercise

scholarly journals Effect of the Depth of Cold Water Immersion on Sleep Architecture and Recovery Among Well-Trained Male Endurance Runners

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Chauvineau ◽  
Florane Pasquier ◽  
Vincent Guyot ◽  
Anis Aloulou ◽  
Mathieu Nedelec
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Partial Body ◽  
Endurance Runners

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the depth of cold water immersion (CWI) (whole-body with head immersed and partial-body CWI) after high-intensity, intermittent running exercise on sleep architecture and recovery kinetics among well-trained runners.Methods: In a randomized, counterbalanced order, 12 well-trained male endurance runners (V.O2max = 66.0 ± 3.9 ml·min−1·kg−1) performed a simulated trail (≈18:00) on a motorized treadmill followed by CWI (13.3 ± 0.2°C) for 10 min: whole-body immersion including the head (WHOLE; n = 12), partial-body immersion up to the iliac crest (PARTIAL; n = 12), and, finally, an out-of-water control condition (CONT; n = 10). Markers of fatigue and muscle damage—maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), countermovement jump (CMJ), plasma creatine kinase [CK], and subjective ratings—were recorded until 48 h after the simulated trail. After each condition, nocturnal core body temperature (Tcore) was measured, whereas sleep and heart rate variability were assessed using polysomnography.Results: There was a lower Tcore induced by WHOLE than CONT from the end of immersion to 80 min after the start of immersion (p &lt; 0.05). Slow-wave sleep (SWS) proportion was higher (p &lt; 0.05) during the first 180 min of the night in WHOLE compared with PARTIAL. WHOLE and PARTIAL induced a significant (p &lt; 0.05) decrease in arousal for the duration of the night compared with CONT, while only WHOLE decreased limb movements compared with CONT (p &lt; 0.01) for the duration of the night. Heart rate variability analysis showed a significant reduction (p &lt; 0.05) in RMSSD, low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF) in WHOLE compared with both PARTIAL and CONT during the first sequence of SWS. No differences between conditions were observed for any markers of fatigue and muscle damage (p &gt; 0.05) throughout the 48-h recovery period.Conclusion: WHOLE reduced arousal and limb movement and enhanced SWS proportion during the first part of the night, which may be particularly useful in the athlete's recovery process after exercise. Future studies are, however, required to assess whether such positive sleep outcomes may result in overall recovery optimization.

Effects of Cold Water Immersion and Active Recovery on Post-Exercise Heart Rate Variability

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 873-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bastos ◽  
L.C. Vanderlei ◽  
F. Nakamura ◽  
M. Bertollo ◽  
M. Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Post Exercise

scholarly journals Diving Responses in Experienced Rebreather Divers: Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in Cold Water Diving

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard V. Lundell ◽  
Laura Tuominen ◽  
Tommi Ojanen ◽  
Kai Parkkola ◽  
Anne Räisänen-Sokolowski
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Arctic Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bottom Depth

IntroductionTechnical diving is very popular in Finland throughout the year despite diving conditions being challenging, especially due to arctic water and poor visibility. Cold water, immersion, submersion, hyperoxia, as well as psychological and physiological stress, all have an effect on the autonomic nervous system (ANS).Materials and methodsTo evaluate divers’ ANS responses, short-term (5 min) heart rate variability (HRV) during dives in 2–4°C water was measured. HRV resting values were evaluated from separate measurements before and after the dives. Twenty-six experienced closed circuit rebreather (CCR) divers performed an identical 45-meter decompression dive with a non-physical task requiring concentration at the bottom depth.ResultsActivity of the ANS branches was evaluated with the parasympathetic (PNS) and sympathetic (SNS) indexes of the Kubios HRV Standard program. Compared to resting values, PNS activity decreased significantly on immersion with face out of water. From immersion, it increased significantly with facial immersion, just before decompression and just before surfacing. Compared to resting values, SNS activity increased significantly on immersion with face out of water. Face in water and submersion measures did not differ from the immersion measure. After these measurements, SNS activity decreased significantly over time.ConclusionOur study indicates that the trigeminocardiac part of the diving reflex causes the strong initial PNS activation at the beginning of the dive but the reaction seems to decrease quickly. After this initial activation, cold seemed to be the most prominent promoter of PNS activity – not pressure. Also, our study showed a concurrent increase in both SNS and PNS branches, which has been associated with an elevated risk for arrhythmia. Therefore, we recommend a short adaptation phase at the beginning of cold-water diving before physical activity.

scholarly journals Physiologic and Perceptual Responses to Cold-Shower Cooling After Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory L. Butts ◽  
Brendon P. McDermott ◽  
Brian J. Buening ◽  
Jeffrey A. Bonacci ◽  
Matthew S. Ganio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Exercise Induced

Exercise conducted in hot, humid environments increases the risk for exertional heat stroke (EHS). The current recommended treatment of EHS is cold-water immersion; however, limitations may require the use of alternative resources such as a cold shower (CS) or dousing with a hose to cool EHS patients.Context: To investigate the cooling effectiveness of a CS after exercise-induced hyperthermia.Objective: Randomized, crossover controlled study.Design: Environmental chamber (temperature = 33.4°C ± 2.1°C; relative humidity = 27.1% ± 1.4%).Setting: Seventeen participants (10 male, 7 female; height = 1.75 ± 0.07 m, body mass = 70.4 ± 8.7 kg, body surface area = 1.85 ± 0.13 m2, age range = 19–35 years) volunteered.Patients or Other Participants: On 2 occasions, participants completed matched-intensity volitional exercise on an ergometer or treadmill to elevate rectal temperature to ≥39°C or until participant fatigue prevented continuation (reaching at least 38.5°C). They were then either treated with a CS (20.8°C ± 0.80°C) or seated in the chamber (control [CON] condition) for 15 minutes.Intervention(s): Rectal temperature, calculated cooling rate, heart rate, and perceptual measures (thermal sensation and perceived muscle pain).Main Outcome Measure(s): The rectal temperature (P = .98), heart rate (P = .85), thermal sensation (P = .69), and muscle pain (P = .31) were not different during exercise for the CS and CON trials (P &gt; .05). Overall, the cooling rate was faster during CS (0.07°C/min ± 0.03°C/min) than during CON (0.04°C/min ± 0.03°C/min; t16 = 2.77, P = .01). Heart-rate changes were greater during CS (45 ± 20 beats per minute) compared with CON (27 ± 10 beats per minute; t16 = 3.32, P = .004). Thermal sensation was reduced to a greater extent with CS than with CON (F3,45 = 41.12, P &lt; .001).Results: Although the CS facilitated cooling rates faster than no treatment, clinicians should continue to advocate for accepted cooling modalities and use CS only if no other validated means of cooling are available.Conclusions:

scholarly journals Effect Of Cold Water Immersion On Skin Temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Braulio Sánchez-Ureña ◽  
Daniel Rojas-Valverde ◽  
Randall Gutiérrez-Vargas ◽  
Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas ◽  
Christopher T. Minson
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion
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