Is the Optimal Load for Maximal Power Output During Hang Power Cleans Submaximal?

Purpose: The optimal load for maximal power output during hang power cleans (HPCs) from a mechanical perspective is the 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) load; however, previous research has reported otherwise. The present study thus aimed to investigate the underlying factors that determine optimal load during HPCs. Methods: Eight competitive Olympic weight lifters performed HPCs at 40%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, and 100% of their 1RM while the ground-reaction force and bar/body kinematics were simultaneously recorded. The success criterion during HPC was set above parallel squat at the receiving position. Results: Both peak power and relative peak power were maximized at 80% 1RM (3975.7 [439.1] W, 50.4 [6.6] W/kg, respectively). Peak force, force at peak power, and relative values tended to increase with heavier loads (P < .001), while peak system velocity and system velocity at peak power decreased significantly above 80% 1RM (P = .005 and .011, respectively). There were also significant decreases in peak bar velocity (P < .001) and bar displacement (P < .001) toward heavier loads. There was a strong positive correlation between peak bar velocity and bar displacement in 7 of 8 subjects (r > .90, P < .01). The knee joint angle at the receiving position fell below the quarter-squat position above 70% 1RM. Conclusions: Submaximal loads were indeed optimal for maximal power output for HPC when the success criterion was set above the parallel-squat position. However, when the success criterion was defined as the quarter-squat position, the optimal load became the 1RM load.

Download Full-text

STRENGTH FACTORS RELATED TO MAXIMAL POWER OUTPUT DURING JUMP SQUATS WITH AN OPTIMAL LOAD

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-200205001-00190 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. S34

Author(s):

E L. Dugan ◽

K M. Robertson ◽

C J. Hasson ◽

J Shim ◽

B K. Doan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Maximal Power ◽

Maximal Power Output ◽

Optimal Load

Download Full-text

Effect of fatigue on maximal power output at different contraction velocities in humans

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1991.71.6.2332 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 2332-2337 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

A. Beelen ◽

A. J. Sargeant

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Peak Power ◽

Muscle Power ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Dynamic Exercise ◽

Maximal Power ◽

Maximal Power Output ◽

Control Measurement ◽

Fatiguing Exercise ◽

Rate Of Decline

The effect of fatigue as a result of a standard submaximal dynamic exercise on maximal short-term power output generated at different contraction velocities was studied in humans. Six subjects performed 25-s maximal efforts on an isokinetic cycle ergometer at five different pedaling rates (60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 rpm). Measurements of maximal power output were made under control conditions [after 6 min of cycling at 30% maximal O2 uptake (VO2max)] and after fatiguing exercise that consisted of 6 min of cycling at 90% VO2max with a pedaling rate of 90 rpm. Compared with control values, maximal peak power measured after fatiguing exercise was significantly reduced by 23 +/- 19, 28 +/- 11, and 25 +/- 11% at pedaling rates of 90, 105, and 120 rpm, respectively. Reductions in maximum peak power of 11 +/- 8 and 14 +/- 8% at 60 and 75 rpm, respectively, were not significant. The rate of decline in peak power during the 25-s control measurement was least at 60 rpm (5.1 +/- 2.3 W/s) and greatest at 120 rpm (26.3 +/- 13.9 W/s). After fatiguing exercise, the rate of decline in peak power at pedaling rates of 105 and 120 rpm decreased significantly from 21.5 +/- 9.0 and 26.3 +/- 13.9 W/s to 10.0 +/- 7.3 and 13.3 +/- 6.9 W/s, respectively. These experiments indicate that fatigue induced by submaximal dynamic exercise results in a velocity-dependent effect on muscle power. It is suggested that the reduced maximal power at the higher velocities was due to a selective effect of fatigue on the faster fatigue-sensitive fibers of the active muscle mass.

Download Full-text

Power output and fatigue of human muscle in maximal cycling exercise

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1983.55.1.218 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 218-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

N. McCartney ◽

G. J. Heigenhauser ◽

N. L. Jones

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Fiber Type ◽

Average Power ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Muscle Volume ◽

Thigh Muscle ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Maximal Power ◽

Maximal Power Output

We studied maximal torque-velocity relationships and fatigue during short-term maximal exercise on a constant velocity cycle ergometer in 13 healthy male subjects. Maximum torque showed an inverse linear relationship to crank velocity between 60 and 160 rpm, and a direct relationship to thigh muscle volume measured by computerized tomography. Peak torque per liter thigh muscle volume (PT, N X ml-1) was related to crank velocity (CV, rpm) in the following equation: PT = 61.7 - 0.234 CV (r = 0.99). Peak power output was a parabolic function of crank velocity in individual subjects, but maximal power output was achieved at varying crank velocities in different subjects. Fiber type distribution was measured in the two subjects showing the greatest differences and demonstrated that a high proportion of type II fibers may be one factor associated with a high crank velocity for maximal power output. The decline in average power during 30 s of maximal effort was least at 60 rpm (23.7 +/- 4.6% of initial maximal power) and greatest at 140 rpm (58.7 +/- 6.5%). At 60 rpm the decline in power over 30 s was inversely related to maximal oxygen uptake (ml X min-1 X kg-1) (r = 0.69). Total work performed and plasma lactate concentration 3 min after completion of 30-s maximum effort were similar for each crank velocity.

Download Full-text

Aerobic efficiency is associated with the improvement in maximal power output during acute hyperoxia

Physiological Reports ◽

10.14814/phy2.13119 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. e13119 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tom A. Manselin ◽

Olof Södergård ◽

Filip J. Larsen ◽

Peter Lindholm

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Maximal Power ◽

Maximal Power Output

Download Full-text

Effect of inspired O2 concentration on leg lactate release during incremental exercise

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1996.81.1.246 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 246-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

D. R. Knight ◽

D. C. Poole ◽

M. C. Hogan ◽

D. E. Bebout ◽

P. D. Wagner

Keyword(s):

Blood Lactate ◽

Power Output ◽

Incremental Exercise ◽

Venous Blood Flow ◽

Maximal Power ◽

Maximal Power Output ◽

Lactate Accumulation ◽

Lactate Release ◽

O2 Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Accumulation

The normal rate of blood lactate accumulation during exercise is increased by hypoxia and decreased by hyperoxia. It is not known whether these changes are primarily determined by the lactate release in locomotory muscles or other tissues. Eleven men performed cycle exercise at 20, 35, 50, 92, and 100% of maximal power output while breathing 12, 21, and 100% O2. Leg lactate release was calculated at each stage of exercise as the product of femoral venous blood flow (thermodilution method) and femoral arteriovenous difference in blood lactate concentrations. Regression analysis showed that leg lactate release accounted for 90% of the variability in mean arterial lactate concentration at 20-92% maximal power output. This relationship was described by a regression line with a slope of 0.28 +/- 0.02 min/l and a y-intercept of 1.06 +/- 0.38 mmol/l (r2 = 0.90). There was no effect of inspired O2 concentration on this relationship (P > 0.05). We conclude that during continuous incremental exercise to fatigue the effect of inspired O2 concentration on blood lactate accumulation is principally determined by the rate of net lactate release in blood vessels of the locomotory muscles.

Download Full-text

Physiological Factors That Allow for the Attainment of “Maximal Power Output” and “Entire Match Wrestling Power Output”

Physiology and Nutrition for Amateur Wrestling ◽

10.1201/9780429354779-11 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 49-51

Author(s):

Charles Paul Lambert

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Maximal Power ◽

Maximal Power Output ◽

Physiological Factors

Download Full-text

Maximal power output of a stochastic thermodynamic engine

Automatica ◽

10.1016/j.automatica.2020.109366 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 123 ◽

pp. 109366

Author(s):

Rui Fu ◽

Amirhossein Taghvaei ◽

Yongxin Chen ◽

Tryphon T. Georgiou

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Maximal Power ◽

Maximal Power Output

Download Full-text

A constant-load ergometer for measuring peak power output and fatigue

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1988.65.5.2343 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 2343-2348 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J. H. Williams ◽

W. S. Barnes ◽

J. F. Signorile

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Peak Power ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Average Power ◽

Load Cycle ◽

Constant Load ◽

Load Cell ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Maximal Power Output ◽

Power Curves

A constant-load cycle ergometer was constructed that allows maximal power output to be measured for each one-half pedal revolution during brief, high-intensity exercise. To determine frictional force, an electronic load cell was attached to the resistance strap and the ergometer frame. Dead weights were attached to the strap's free end. Flywheel velocity was recorded by means of a magnetic switch and two magnets placed on the pedal sprocket. Pedaling resulted in magnetically activated switch closures, which produced two electronic pulses per pedal revolution. Pulses and load cell output were recorded (512 Hz), digitized, and stored on disk via microcomputer. Power output was later computed for each pair of adjacent pulses, representing average power per one-half pedal revolution. Power curves generated for each subject were analyzed for peak power output (the highest one-half pedal revolution average), time to peak power, power fatigue rate and index, average power, and total work. Thirty-eight males performed two 15-s tests separated by 15 min (n = 16) or 48 h (n = 22). Peak power output ranged from 846.0 to 1,289.1 W. Intraclass correlation analysis revealed high test-retest reliability for all parameters recorded on the same or different days (R = 0.91-0.97). No significant differences (P greater than 0.05) were noted between parameter means of the first and second tests. These results indicate that the ergometer described provides a means for conveniently and reliably assessing short-term power output and fatigue.

Download Full-text