Association of Jumping Ability and Maximum Strength With Dive Distance in Swimmers

Purpose: The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between dive distance (DD) and countermovement jump (CMJ) height, track start CMJ height, countermovement broad jump (CMBJ) distance, track start broad jump distance, and isometric midthigh pull peak force and relative peak force. Methods: A total of 27 (11 female and 16 male) regional-national-international-standard swimmers (mean [SD]; age = 19.5 [5.5] y; mass = 69.3 [10.5] kg; height = 1.77 [0.09] m) performed 3 trials of a track start dive, CMJ, track start CMJ, CMBJ, track start broad jump, and isometric midthigh pull. Results: Data were separated into pooled (females and males combined), females, and males. Large to very large correlations were found between DD and all variables tested for pooled data (r = .554–.853, P < .001–.008), with DD-CMBJ displaying the highest correlation (r = .853, P < .001). CMBJ accounted for 70% of the variance in DD. Females demonstrated moderate nonsignificant correlations between DD isometric midthigh pull (r = .379, P < .125). Males demonstrated very large significant correlations between DD-CMJ (r = .761, P < .001). Conclusions: DD demonstrated strong correlations with jump performances and multijoint isometric force production in pooled data. Males showed stronger correlations than females due to being stronger and being able to perform the jumping/strength tasks to a higher standard. Enhanced jump performance and increased maximal force production may, therefore, enhance DD in swimmers.

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Acute beetroot juice administration improves peak isometric force production in adolescent males

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2018-0050 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (8) ◽

pp. 816-821 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

David Bender ◽

Jeremy R. Townsend ◽

William C. Vantrease ◽

Autumn C. Marshall ◽

Ruth N. Henry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Isometric Force ◽

Force Production ◽

Sprint Performance ◽

Peak Force ◽

Adolescent Males ◽

Height Velocity ◽

Beetroot Juice ◽

Repeated Sprint ◽

Group Time ◽

Isometric Force Production

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute beetroot juice (BR) administration on repeated sprint performance and isometric force production in adolescent males. Twelve male adolescents (age, 16.8 ± 1.0 years; height, 178.8 ± 9.2 cm; mass, 74.8 ± 12.5 kg; peak height velocity, 2.53 ± 1.2 years) participated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover designed study. Participants consumed 2 × 70 mL of BR (∼12.9 mmol NO3−; Beet It Sport) or a nitrate-depleted placebo (PL) at 2.5 h prior to performing isometric mid-thigh pulls (IMTP) and 4 repeated 20-s Wingate sprints interspersed with 4 min of rest. Sprint data were analyzed by a 2 × 4 (group × time) repeated-measures ANOVA while a dependent t test was used to compare conditions for IMTP peak force. A significant main effect for time (p < 0.05) was observed for peak power (PP), average power (Pavg), and fatigue index (FI) across sprints. Compared with sprint 1, sprint 4 resulted in significant decreases in PP (p < 0.000; −16.6%) and Pavg (p = 0.000; −21.8%) and FI was significantly elevated (p < 0.000; 15.2%). No significant group × time interactions were observed between conditions for PP (p = 0.402), Pavg (p = 0.479), or FI (p = 0.37). IMTP peak force was significantly higher (p = 0.004; 13.9%) following BR consumption compared with PL. The repeated sprint protocol resulted in significant fatigue while BR did not influence sprint performance. However, it appears BR administration may improve peak force production in adolescent males.

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Effects Of Training Experience On The Relationship Between Muscle Mass And Isometric Force Production

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-200505001-00960 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 37 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S186

Author(s):

Michael Hartman ◽

Genevieve Stolt ◽

Debra A. Bemben ◽

Randa L. Shehab ◽

Michael G. Bemben

Keyword(s):

Muscle Mass ◽

Isometric Force ◽

Force Production ◽

Training Experience ◽

Isometric Force Production ◽

The Relationship

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Relative Net Vertical Impulse Determines Jumping Performance

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.27.3.207 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 207-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Tyler J. Kirby ◽

Jeffrey M. McBride ◽

Tracie L. Haines ◽

Andrea M. Dayne

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Peak Power ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Peak Force ◽

Jump Height ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Jump Performance ◽

Velocity Peak ◽

Force Peak ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between relative net vertical impulse and jump height in a countermovement jump and static jump performed to varying squat depths. Ten college-aged males with 2 years of jumping experience participated in this investigation (age: 23.3 ± 1.5 years; height: 176.7 ± 4.5 cm; body mass: 84.4 ± 10.1 kg). Subjects performed a series of static jumps and countermovement jumps in a randomized fashion to a depth of 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, and 0.75 m and a self-selected depth (static jump depth = 0.38 ± 0.08 m, countermovement jump depth = 0.49 ± 0.06 m). During the concentric phase of each jump, peak force, peak velocity, peak power, jump height, and net vertical impulse were recorded and analyzed. Net vertical impulse was divided by body mass to produce relative net vertical impulse. Increasing squat depth corresponded to a decrease in peak force and an increase in jump height and relative net vertical impulse for both static jump and countermovement jump. Across all depths, relative net vertical impulse was statistically significantly correlated to jump height in the static jump (r= .9337,p< .0001, power = 1.000) and countermovement jump (r= .925,p< .0001, power = 1.000). Across all depths, peak force was negatively correlated to jump height in the static jump (r= –0.3947,p= .0018, power = 0.8831) and countermovement jump (r= –0.4080,p= .0012, power = 0.9050). These results indicate that relative net vertical impulse can be used to assess vertical jump performance, regardless of initial squat depth, and that peak force may not be the best measure to assess vertical jump performance.

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Mechanics of stretch in activated crustacean slow muscle. I. Factors affecting peak force

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.1989.62.5.997 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 997-1005 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W. D. Chapple

Keyword(s):

Muscle Activation ◽

Isometric Force ◽

Motor Units ◽

Abdominal Muscle ◽

Isometric Tension ◽

Peak Force ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Pooled Data ◽

Passive Stretch ◽

The Relationship

1. The active stiffness of ventral superficial abdominal muscle (VSM) of the hermit crab, Pagurus pollicarus, was measured with ramp stretches of different amplitudes and velocities. Active stiffness was calculated by subtracting the peak force produced by passive stretch and the isometric force just before stretch from the peak force produced by stretching active muscle. The result was then divided by stretch length to give stiffness. 2. The relationship between force just before stretch (the level of activation) and active stiffness was curvilinear and was found to apply under a variety of experiment conditions. For pooled data from eight experiments, active stiffness (GN.m-2.m-1) = 3.2*stress (MN/m2)-7.6*stress2. Decreasing the number of motor units or activating the inhibitor did not alter this relationship nor did the addition of proctolin, octopamine, or 5-HT to the bath. The relationship also applied during the rising phase of isometric tension. However, stiffness declined more rapidly than predicted by this relationship after the end of tetanus. 3. Active stiffness varied inversely with stretch amplitude for fast stretches, and the slope of this relationship increased with increasing muscle activation. At lower stretch velocities, the slope was much less than at rapid stretch velocities, so at low levels of activation and stretch velocity, active stiffness was essentially independent of stretch length. 4. Active stiffness covaried with muscle force as both were sampled at shorter and shorter lengths on the ascending limb of the length-tension curve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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