Beyond Sensation Seeking: Affect Regulation as a Framework for Predicting Risk-Taking Behaviors in High-Risk Sport

Sensation seeking has been widely studied when investigating individual differences in the propensity for taking risks. However, risk taking can serve many different goals beyond the simple management of physiological arousal. The present study is an investigation of affect self-regulation as a predictor of risk-taking behaviors in high-risk sport. Risk-taking behaviors, negative affectivity, escape self-awareness strategy, and sensation seeking data were obtained from 265 high-risk sportsmen. Moderated hierarchical regression analysis revealed significant main and interaction effects of negative affectivity and escape self-awareness strategy in predicting risk-taking behaviors: high-risk sportsmen’s negative affectivity leads them to adopt risk-taking behaviors only if they also use escape self-awareness strategy. Furthermore, the affective model remained significant when controlling for sensation seeking. The present study contributes to an in-depth understanding of risk taking in high-risk sport.

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Longitudinal Increases in Parent–Child Relationship Quality and Sensation Seeking Interact to Increase Risk-Taking During the College Transition

Emerging Adulthood ◽

10.1177/2167696817705954 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 66-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

João F. Guassi Moreira ◽

Eva H. Telzer

Keyword(s):

Relationship Quality ◽

College Transition ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Risky Behaviors ◽

Parent Child Relationship ◽

First Semester ◽

Child Relationship ◽

Risk Taking Behaviors ◽

Parent Child

We tested two competing predictions of whether changes in parent–child relationship quality buffer or exacerbate the association between sensation-seeking and risk-taking behaviors as individuals gain more independence during the high school–college transition. In the current longitudinal study, 287 participants completed self-report measures of sensation seeking, risk-taking, and parent–child relationship quality with their parents prior to starting college and again during their first semester. Overall, students displayed increases in risky behaviors, which were predicted by sensation seeking. Changes in relationship quality moderated the association between sensation seeking and risk-taking, such that sensation seeking predicted higher risk-taking behaviors during the first semester of college, but only for those who reported increases in relationship quality across the college transition. These results suggest that increased relationship quality may have an inadvertent spillover effect by interacting with sensation seeking to increase risky behaviors.

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Not All Risks Are Equal: The Risk Taking Inventory for High-Risk Sports

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.35.5.479 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 479-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Tim Woodman ◽

Matt Barlow ◽

Comille Bandura ◽

Miles Hill ◽

Dominika Kupciw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Behavioral Activation ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Self Report ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Two Factors ◽

Population Attitudes

Although high-risk sport participants are typically considered a homogenous risk-taking population, attitudes to risk within the high-risk domain can vary considerably. As no validated measure allows researchers to assess risk taking within this domain, we validated the Risk Taking Inventory (RTI) for high-risk sport across four studies. The RTI comprises seven items across two factors: deliberate risk taking and precautionary behaviors. In Study 1 (n = 341), the inventory was refined and tested via a confirmatory factor analysis used in an exploratory fashion. The subsequent three studies confirmed the RTI’s good model–data fit via three further separate confirmatory factor analyses. In Study 2 (n = 518) and in Study 3 (n = 290), concurrent validity was also confirmed via associations with other related traits (sensation seeking, behavioral activation, behavioral inhibition, impulsivity, self-esteem, extraversion, and conscientiousness). In Study 4 (n = 365), predictive validity was confirmed via associations with mean accidents and mean close calls in the high-risk domain. Finally, in Study 4, the self-report version of the inventory was significantly associated with an informant version of the inventory. The measure will allow researchers and practitioners to investigate risk taking as a variable that is conceptually distinct from participation in a high-risk sport.

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Factors Associated with Urban Risk-Taking Behaviour during 2018 Typhoon Mangkhut: A Cross Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17114150 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 4150

Author(s):

Evan Su Wei Shang ◽

Eugene Siu Kai Lo ◽

Zhe Huang ◽

Kevin Kei Ching Hung ◽

Emily Ying Yang Chan

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Risk Perception ◽

High Risk ◽

Extreme Events ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Risk Behaviour ◽

Disaster Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Risk Behaviour

Although much of the health emergency and disaster risk management (Health-EDRM) literature evaluates methods to protect health assets and mitigate health risks from disasters, there is a lack of research into those who have taken high-risk behaviour during extreme events. The study’s main objective is to examine the association between engaging in high-risk behaviour and factors including sociodemographic characteristics, disaster risk perception and household preparedness during a super typhoon. A computerized randomized digit dialling cross-sectional household survey was conducted in Hong Kong, an urban metropolis, two weeks after the landing of Typhoon Mangkhut. Telephone interviews were conducted in Cantonese with adult residents. The response rate was 23.8% and the sample was representative of the Hong Kong population. Multivariable logistic regressions of 521 respondents adjusted with age and gender found education, income, risk perception and disaster preparedness were insignificantly associated with risk-taking behaviour during typhoons. This suggests that other factors may be involved in driving this behaviour, such as a general tendency to underestimate risk or sensation seeking. Further Health-EDRM research into risk-taking and sensation seeking behaviour during extreme events is needed to identify policy measures.

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An empirical investigation of high-risk occupations

Management Research Review ◽

10.1108/mrr-10-2012-0227 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 367-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Lisa M. Russell

Keyword(s):

Transformational Leadership ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

High Risk ◽

Leadership Behavior ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Hierarchical Regression Analysis ◽

Content Type ◽

Bivariate Correlation ◽

The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between stress and burnout in high-risk occupations and how leadership moderates this relationship. Thus, the primary research question addressed within this study is: What is the relationship between stress and burnout in high-risk occupations as governed by transformational leadership behavior? Design/methodology/approach – An analysis of primary data obtained by survey from 379 police officers from nine southern and southwestern agencies was conducted. Hierarchical regression analysis, multiple moderated hierarchical regression analysis, bivariate correlation analyses and other statistical methods are used. Findings – Results indicate police stress exacerbates perceived burnout. Transformational leadership influences this relationship such that high levels of perceived transformational leadership attenuates the negative relationship between stress and burnout, but less so under highly stressful conditions. Findings have strong implications for leaders in high-risk occupations where bureaucracy, departmental policy, and life and death decision-making intersect. Research limitations/implications – This study can be used as a basis for further inquiry into the effects of transformational leadership on individuals' perceptions of performance, behavioral and psychological criterion variables in high-risk occupations. Practical implications – The assessment of relationships among stress and burnout in high-risk occupational settings potentially allows managers to better understand how to structure supervisor-subordinate relationships in order to minimize the effects of stress on perceived burnout and provides a more realistic view of how individuals in high-risk occupations are influenced by leader behaviors under stressful conditions. Originality/value – This study is thought to be the only one to evaluate the moderated relationships among stress, transformational leadership and burnout in high-risk occupations characterized by increasingly stressful circumstances. More specifically, the notion that individuals in high-risk occupations perceive burnout differently than those in less-risky occupations is not prevalent in the literature.

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Sensation seeking and negative affectivity as predictors of risky behaviors: A distinction between occasional versus frequent risk-taking

Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.01.011 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 1449-1453 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Olivier Desrichard ◽

Virginie Denarié

Keyword(s):

Risk Taking ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Negative Affectivity ◽

Risky Behaviors

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Risk-Taking Behaviors and Subgrouping of College Students

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988313483540 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 475-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Asghar Mohammadpoorasl ◽

Abbas Abbasi Ghahramanloo ◽

Hamid Allahverdipour

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

High Risk ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Parental Support ◽

Latent Class ◽

Risky Behaviors ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Familial Support ◽

Risk Takers ◽

Risk Taking Behaviors

Risk-taking behaviors have negative consequences on adolescent and young adult’s health. The aim of this study was to identify the subgroups of college students on the basis of risk-taking behaviors and to assess the role of demographic characteristics, religious beliefs, and parental support on membership of specific subgroup. The cross-sectional study took place in Tabriz (northwest of Iran) in April and May of 2011. The randomly selected sample consisted of 1,837 college students. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data. Latent class analysis was performed to achieve the study’s objectives. Four latent classes were identified: (a) low risk, (b) cigarette and hookah smoker, (c) sexual and drinking risk-takers (for males)/sexual risk takers (for females), and (d) high risk. Notably, 13.3% of the males and 4.3% of the females were in the high-risk class. The results identified evidence of protective influence of familial support and religiosity on risky behaviors. A fair number of college students, males in particular, were identified as high risk-takers. Design and implementation of preventive interventions for this segment of the population are necessary. Higher level of familial support and religiosity may serve as preventive factors in risk-taking behaviors.

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The adventurous tourist amidst a pandemic: Effects of personality, attitudes, and affect

Journal Of Vacation Marketing ◽

10.1177/13567667211063208 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 135676672110632

Author(s):

Edwin N Torres ◽

Wei Wei ◽

Jorge Ridderstaat

Keyword(s):

Risk Taking ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Negative Affectivity ◽

Influential Factor ◽

Hypotheses Testing ◽

Purchasing Behavior ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Professional Research ◽

Risk Takers ◽

Willingness To Purchase

To better understand travel and hospitality consumers’ purchasing behavior amidst a worldwide emergency commonly referenced as COVID-19, the present research set out to assess the impacts of sensation-seeking, consumer affect, and risk-taking attitude on consumers’ willingness to purchase travel-related activities. A sample of 775 adult U.S. consumers were recruited with the help of a professional research consulting company. Simple and multiple regression analyses were performed for the purpose of hypotheses testing. Results demonstrate that individuals with higher sensation-seeking levels, lower negative affectivity, and who identify themselves as risk-takers are more willing to engage in various travel and commercial hospitality activities. Furthermore, sensation-seeking proves to be the most influential factor in driving consumers’ willingness to purchase amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors conclude by proposing a typology (illustrated in two different grids) of consumers based on their levels of sensation-seeking (high vs. low), affect (positive vs. negative), and risk-taking attitude (high vs. low). Theoretically, the model helps predict which consumers are most likely to engage in travel-related activities despite of the challenges posed by global pandemics.

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