Normative Data for the Balance Error Scoring System in Iranian Adults

Context: The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), originally designed to diagnose and assess athletes with concussion syndrome, is now widely used to evaluate postural stability. To interpret balance status, a normative database can be a reliable source. However, different anthropometric characteristics and sociocultural backgrounds across populations hinder the application of previously developed databases in different populations. Objective: The present study was designed to develop a normative data set for the general population of healthy Iranian adults according to their age groups and to study the correlation between BESS scores and the participants’ sex, height, weight, and body mass index. Design: A cross-sectional study. Participants: A total of 1051 community-dwelling adults aged 20–69 years not suffering from balance disorders, dizziness, or other neurological or musculoskeletal diseases were recruited and stratified into 5 different age groups by decade. Main Outcome Measures: The BESS tests were composed of single-leg, double-leg, and tandem stances, each on a rigid surface and a foam pad. The individuals maintained each position for 20 seconds with eyes closed. The assessor recorded the total number of errors as the individuals’ BESS score (range: 0–60). Results: Significant but weak correlations were found between BESS score and height (r = −.13, P < .001) and between BESS score and body mass index (r = .11, P < .001), and the difference between sexes in BESS score was statistically significant in the 50- to 59-year-old (P = .021) and 60- to 69-year-old (P < .001) groups. The BESS scores were significantly different between all age groups (P < .05), except between the 20- to 29-year-old and 30- to 39-year-old groups (P = 1.000) and between the 40- to 49-year-old and 50- to 59-year-old groups (P = .086). Conclusions: This study provided a normative database for different age groups of asymptomatic Iranian adults. The BESS score had weak correlations with height and body mass index and no correlation with weight, and significant differences were found between sexes in 50- to 69-year-old individuals. This study emphasizes the importance of obtaining specific normative data for different populations.

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Poster 7 Normative Data for the Balance Error Scoring System in Community-Dwelling Adults

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1016/j.apmr.2011.07.029 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 92 (10) ◽

pp. 1695-1696

Author(s):

Grant Iverson ◽

Michael Koehle

Keyword(s):

Scoring System ◽

Normative Data ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Balance Error Scoring System ◽

Balance Error

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Normative Data for the Balance Error Scoring System in Adults

Rehabilitation Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2013/846418 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Grant L. Iverson ◽

Michael S. Koehle

Keyword(s):

Scoring System ◽

Normative Data ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fitness Evaluation ◽

Cohort Design ◽

Balance Error Scoring System ◽

Balance Error ◽

Better Than

Background. The balance error scoring system (BESS) is a brief, easily administered test of static balance. The purpose of this study is to develop normative data for this test.Study Design. Cross-sectional, descriptive, and cohort design.Methods. The sample was drawn from a population of clients taking part in a comprehensive preventive health screen at a multidisciplinary healthcare center. Community-dwelling adults aged 20–69 (N=1,236) were administered the BESS within the context of a fitness evaluation. They did not have significant medical, neurological, or lower extremity problems that might have an adverse effect on balance.Results. There was a significant positive correlation between BESS scores and age (r=.34). BESS performance was similar for participants between the ages of 20 and 49 and significantly declined between ages 50 and 69. Men performed slightly better than women on the BESS. Women who were overweight performed significantly more poorly on the test compared to women who were not overweight (P<.0001; Cohen'sd=.62). The BESS normative data are stratified by age and sex.Conclusions. These normative data provide a frame of reference for interpreting BESS performance in adults who sustain traumatic brain injuries and adults with diverse neurological or vestibular problems.

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Baseline profiles of auditory, vestibular, and visual functions in youth tackle football players

Concussion ◽

10.2217/cnc-2019-0008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. CNC66

Author(s):

Travis White-Schwoch ◽

Jennifer Krizman ◽

Kristi McCracken ◽

Jamie K Burgess ◽

Elaine C Thompson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoring System ◽

Normative Data ◽

Football Players ◽

Published Data ◽

Frequency Following Response ◽

Youth Athletes ◽

Concussion Management ◽

Tackle Football ◽

Balance Error Scoring System ◽

Balance Error

Aim: Neurosensory tests have emerged as components of sport-related concussion management. Limited normative data are available in healthy, nonconcussed youth athletes. Patients & methods/results: In 2017 and 2018, we tested 108 youth tackle football players immediately before their seasons on the frequency-following response, Balance Error Scoring System, and King-Devick test. We compared results with published data in older and/or and nonathlete populations. Performance on all tests improved with age. Frequency-following response and Balance Error Scoring System results aligned with socioeconomic status. Performance was not correlated across neurosensory domains. Conclusion: Baseline neurosensory functions in seven 14-year-old male tackle football players are consistent with previously published data. Results reinforce the need for individual baselines or demographic-specific norms and the use of multiple neurosensory measures in sport-related concussion management.

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Geographic and Age Variations in Low Body Mass Index Among Community-Dwelling Older People in Xinjiang: A Cross-Sectional Study

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.675931 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jinling Liu ◽

Qun Qu ◽

Saiyare Xuekelati ◽

Xue Bai ◽

Li Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Older People ◽

Body Mass ◽

Age Groups ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Northern Xinjiang ◽

Age Variations ◽

Low Bmi ◽

Community Dwelling Older People

Background: Studies have shown an association between undernutrition and increased adverse outcome, as well as substantial geographic and age variations in undernutrition. Body mass index (BMI), a core indicator of undernutrition, is easy to measure and reflects the nutritional and health status of the human body. It is a simple and suitable tool for epidemiological investigations in large sample populations. Herein, we provide the first description of geographic and age variations in the prevalence of low BMI among community-dwelling older people in Xinjiang.Methods: From January 2019 to December 2019, using a multi-stage random sampling method, we conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of the community-dwelling older people in Xinjiang at different latitudes. Of the 87,000 participants, the statistical analyses included 86,514 participants with complete data.Results: In Xinjiang, the prevalence of low BMI was 7.7% in the community-dwelling older people. The BMI gradually decreased with increasing age and gradually increased with latitude. The prevalence of low BMI in northern Xinjiang was 5.3%, which was significantly lower than that in eastern (7.7%) and southern (9.3%) Xinjiang. In the 60–69-, 70–79-, 80–89-, and ≥90-year age groups, the prevalence rates of low BMI were 5.8, 7.9, 10.0, and 13.9%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors (sex, ethnic group, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipemia, smoking, and drinking), multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios (95% CI) for low BMI in eastern and southern Xinjiang were 1.165 (1.056–1.285) and 1.400 (1.274–1.538), respectively, compared to northern Xinjiang. The adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for low BMI in the 70–79-, 80–89-, and ≥90-year age groups were 1.511 (1.39–1.635), 2.233 (2.030–2.456), and 3.003 (2.439–3.696), respectively, compared to the 60–69-year age group.Conclusion: The results of this study revealed geographic and age variations in the prevalence of low BMI in the community-dwelling older people in Xinjiang. The prevalence of low BMI gradually increased as the latitude decreased and as age increased.

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Body Mass Index, Subjective Body Shape, and Suicidal Ideation Among Community-Dwelling Korean Adults

10.21203/rs.3.rs-203853/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chae Eun Yong ◽

Young Bum Kim ◽

Jiyoung Lyu

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Shape ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Age Groups ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Korean Adults ◽

Prevention Interventions ◽

Nationally Representative

Abstract Background: Studies examining the combination of objective and subjective body shape and its association with suicidal ideation have not been well investigated among different age groups. Therefore, this study was aimed to examine the above association among Korean adults, stratified by developmental stages. Methods: Using a nationally representative data from the 2017 Korean Community Health Survey, 222,037 participants aged 19 or over were included in this study. A dependent variable was measured as having a suicidal ideation or not (1=yes, 0=no). With body mass index (BMI) and subjective body shape measures, seven categories were created (1=underweight-skinny, 2=underweight-normal/fat, 3=healthyweight-skinny, 4=healthyweight-normal, 5=healthyweight-fat, 6=overweight-skinny/normal, 7=overweight-fat). A multivariate logistic regression was conducted in each age group. Results: Adjusted for covariates, overweight-fat (OR=1.183, p<.01) young-aged adults, underweight-skinny (OR=1.322, p<.05) middle-aged adults, and healthyweight-fat (OR=1.193, p<.05) older adults were more likely to have suicidal ideation than healthyweight-normal counterparts. Conclusions: Results suggest that the association between the combination of objective and subjective body shape and suicidal ideation is different by developmental stages. Therefore, this difference should be considered when developing suicide prevention interventions by developmental stages.

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Normative data for the modified balance error scoring system in adults

Brain Injury ◽

10.3109/02699052.2013.772237 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 596-599 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Grant L. Iverson ◽

Michael S. Koehle

Keyword(s):

Scoring System ◽

Normative Data ◽

Balance Error Scoring System ◽

Balance Error

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Body mass index, subjective body shape, and suicidal ideation among community-dwelling Korean adults

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-021-00627-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chae Eun Yong ◽

Young Bum Kim ◽

Jiyoung Lyu

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Weight ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Shape ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Age Groups ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Korean Adults

Abstract Background Previous studies have not investigated in depth the combination of objective body weight and subjective body shape and its association with suicidal ideation among different age groups. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the abovementioned association among Korean adults, stratified by developmental stages. Methods We used nationally representative data from the 2017 Korean Community Health Survey, and included 222,037 participants aged 19 years or older in our study. Suicidal ideation was considered as the dependent variable (1 = yes, 0 = no). Along with body mass index (BMI) and subjective body shape measures, seven categories were created (1 = underweight-skinny, 2 = underweight-normal/fat, 3 = healthy weight-skinny, 4 = healthy weight-normal, 5 = healthy weight-fat, 6 = overweight-skinny/normal, 7 = overweight-fat). Multivariate logistic regression was conducted for each age group. Results Adjusted for covariates, young adults who were overweight-fat (OR = 1.18, p < .01), middle-aged adults who were underweight-skinny (OR = 1.32, p < .05), and older adults who were healthy weight-fat (OR = 1.19, p < .05) were more likely to have suicidal ideation than their healthy weight-normal counterparts. Conclusions The results suggest that the association between the combination of objective body weight and subjective body shape and suicidal ideation differs according to the developmental stage. Therefore, this difference should be considered when developing suicide prevention interventions based on the developmental stages.

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