An Analysis of the Working Memories of Expert Sport Instructors

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan McCullick ◽  
Paul Schempp ◽  
Shan-Hui Hsu ◽  
Jin Hong Jung ◽  
Brad Vickers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Expert Teachers ◽  
Distinguishing Characteristic ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Memory Aids ◽  
Skill Analysis ◽  
Stage Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Manner ◽  
Instructional Situations

A distinguishing characteristic of expert teachers appears to be an excellent memory (Berliner, 1986; Tan, 1997). Possessing an excellent memory aids experts in building a substantial knowledge base relative to teaching and learning. Despite its importance, the memory skills of expert teachers have yet to be investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the working memories of expert sport instructors. Forty-three expert teachers served as subjects for this study. Each teacher was shown a series of slides depicting play and instructional situations in their respective domains. The test required that the subjects view a slide for 5 seconds and then recall as much as they could from the slide. The audio taped responses were transcribed and then analyzed inductively using Huberman and Miles’ (1995) four stage analysis framework to draw themes and commonalities from the data. The findings revealed three themes of experts’ working memories: (a) voluminous and rich, (b) a dominant order, and (c) include a thorough skill analysis. There is support for Berliner (1986) and Tan’s (1997) contention that experts have excellent memories, arrange their knowledge in a hierarchical manner, and are able to discern the important from the unimportant.

Obstacle identification for the development of pumped hydro storage using abandoned mines: A novel multi-stage analysis framework

2022 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 104022
Author(s):  
Jingguo Xue ◽  
Xueliang Hou ◽  
Jianli Zhou ◽  
Xiaobing Liu ◽  
Yu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Abandoned Mines ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Stage Analysis

scholarly journals Exploring principals’ instructional leadership practices in Malaysia: insights and implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma Harris ◽  
Michelle Jones ◽  
Kenny Soon Lee Cheah ◽  
Edward Devadason ◽  
Donnie Adams
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Leadership ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Leadership Practices ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Instructional Leaders ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Leadership Practice ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to outline the findings from a small-scale, exploratory, study of principals’ instructional leadership practice in Malaysian primary schools. The dimensions and functions of instructional leadership, explicitly explored in this study, are those outlined in the Hallinger and Murphy’s (1985) model. Design/methodology/approach This study is part of a larger international, comparative research project that aims to identify the boundaries of the current knowledge base on instructional leadership practice and to develop a preliminary empirically based understanding of how principals conceive and enact their role as instructional leaders in Hong Kong, China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. Using a qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 primary school principals in Malaysia. The sample comprised principals from 14 Government National schools (SK), nine principals from Chinese schools (SJKC) and seven principals from Tamil schools (SJKT). The qualitative data were initially analysed inductively, and subsequently coded using ATLAS.ti to generate the findings and conclusions. Findings The findings showed that the Malaysian principals, who were interviewed, understood and could describe their responsibilities relating to improving instructional practice. In particular, they talked about the supervision of teachers and outlined various ways in which they actively monitored the quality of teaching and learning in their schools. These data revealed that some of the duties and activities associated with being a principal in Malaysia are particularly congruent with instructional leadership practices. In particular, the supervision of teaching and learning along with leading professional learning were strongly represented in the data. Research limitations/implications This is a small-scale, exploratory study involving 30 principals. Practical implications There is a clear policy aspiration, outlined in the Malaysian Education Blueprint, that principals should be instructional leaders. The evidence shows that principals are enacting some of the functions associated with being an instructional leader but not others. Originality/value The findings from this study provide some new insights into the principals’ instructional leadership practices in Malaysia. They also provide a basis for further, in-depth exploration that can enhance the knowledge base about principals’ instructional leadership practices in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Physics knowledge justification: an analysis framework to examine physics content knowledge

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Karoliina Vuola ◽  
Maija Nousiainen
Keyword(s):  
Content Knowledge ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Strategic Knowledge ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Physics Teachers ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Quantum Phenomena ◽  
Physics Knowledge

Argumentation and knowledge justification have been noted as important skills to be learned in secondary and tertiary level of education. These skills are especially crucial in teaching and learning physics because physics knowledge is normative and has hierarchical structure. The purpose of this article is two-fold. First, we propose a framework to analyze pre-service physics teachers’ knowledge justification. Second, we show how this framework can be used to examine pre-service physics teachers’ knowledge justification in the context of quantum physics. The sample consists of 68 knowledge justification schemes on four quantum phenomena (N=17 participants who all produced four schemes). The proposed framework discusses conceptual, relational and strategic knowledge presented in knowledge justification schemes. The results show that analysis framework reveal significant differences between pre-service teachers’ knowledge justification. We conclude that there is need and room for such practical tools, which help future teachers to organize and consider their own knowledge.

scholarly journals Practising postcolonial pedagogies in higher education teaching and research

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-163
Author(s):  
Mags Liddy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Education System ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Global Development ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
Degree Programme ◽  
Emotional Work ◽  
The World

Teaching about global development challenges is a complex and demanding process both for students and teachers. In this article, I examine the potential of postcolonial pedagogies in facilitating the process of learning to unlearn and in developing learners’ agency in reading the world. I focus on two teaching encounters to examine the potential of postcolonial pedagogies; one is a Sustainable Development module, part of a degree programme in formal higher education and the second teaching encounter are preparatory sessions for overseas volunteers.This paper examines the process and implications of utilising postcolonial pedagogies in these settings and is written from my perspective as a self-reflexive teacher and researcher. This form of teaching and learning raises three particular tensions for me: structural concerns in the Irish education system, pedagogical questions as well as personal implications for me as a teacher and my knowledge base. This article concludes with a summary of these identified tensions, outlining continuing questions rather than presenting solutions. Teaching about global development challenges is difficult, challenging and emotional work, demanding vigilance and reflexivity by the teacher.

scholarly journals EFL Students’ Responses on Teacher’s Online Written Feedback: Interaction, Revision, and Perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Nur Suci ◽  
Yazid Basthomi ◽  
Nur Mukminatien ◽  
Asih Santihastuti ◽  
Syamdianita Syamdianita
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Written Feedback ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Writing Revision ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Online Feedback

This study examines students’ interactions with the teacher’s feedback in an online course on paragraph writing at higher education in Indonesia. The instructional moves, interactional approach, and students’ perceived usefulness of the feedback were investigated. Through a discourse analysis framework, 355 comments on discussion posts from five students in four meetings were analyzed. The Learning Analytics (LA) data correlated with semi-structured interviews were employed to obtain the students’ perceived usefulness of teacher feedback for revision. The semi-structured interview was done with six students. The findings revealed that the teacher enacted fifteen moves to handle social interaction in online feedback from directive to dialogic categories. These moves are employed to create knowledge-building and solidarity for pedagogical and interactional goals, particularly. These are shown by the relation between LA and the students’ perceptions of the feedback for writing revision. Therefore, such findings highlight the (de)merits of directive-dialogic interactions in online written feedback and LA data to improve teaching and learning.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE OF ASSESSMENT: AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT IN THE PCK OF CHEMISTRY TEACHERS

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-147
Author(s):  
Marina Miyuko Akutagawa Tacoshi ◽  
Carmen Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Pedagogical Content Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Content Knowledge ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Chemistry Education ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Chemistry Teachers ◽  
Pedagogical Content

Assessment of learning plays a central role in the teaching-learning process, and it has been extensively investigated due to the recognized necessity of adjusting didactic models to the new curricula and social demands. The knowledge of assessment is considered one of the components of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) by some authors and for other authors is considered one component of the knowledge base for teaching. It is also recognized the strong link between knowledge of the educational ends, goals, purposes and values and the knowledge of assessment procedures. In this work, results focused on ten chemistry teachers are presented with the main goal of assessing and describing the knowledge of assessment practices and its close relationship with the purposes and educational aims. The results of the current study are based on semi-structured interviews, schools’ educational projects, questionnaires, evaluations and teacher lesson plans. The data suggest that there exists an inconsistency in the discourse regarding general education and chemistry education. Although the discourse at all levels, including educational projects, planning and interviews, can be considered as innovative, in actual practice we observed a strong tendency toward the teacher-centered approach and summative assessment. The results show that, in general, the investigated chemistry teachers lack the intrinsic knowledge to elaborate questions that assess students´ higher-order thinking, to use assessment results to improve teaching and learning, to inform planning, and ultimately, to perform assessments for learning that regulate and promote the learning process, in line with their own beliefs regarding the objectives of chemical education. As a result, we can infer problems in other PCK components of these teachers. Keywords: assessment, chemistry teacher education, knowledge base of teaching, pedagogical content knowledge.

Teaching in a Makerspace

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-51
Author(s):  
Catherine Otieno
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Learner Centered ◽  
Depth Study

This chapter provides an in-depth study of the teaching practices of instructors who primarily guide and facilitate learning in a makespace. With a close look at the pedagogical practices that govern teaching and learning in the maker classroom, this study presents instructors who modeled these frameworks. In addition to their own knowledge base and expertise, they were able to efficiently and effectively integrate multi-resources in a unique learning environment while helping learners succeed and adopt the maker mindset. Makerspaces are changing how we perceive learning and teaching. Instructors highlighted in this chapter put forth activities and learning goals that were learner centered and interesting to various learning needs. They designed and created a learning environment that safeguarded learners and allowed them to experiment with ideas and materials, creating different iterations of learning and redefining what success and failure means.

Re-Purposeable Learning Objects Based on Teaching and Learning Styles

2009 ◽  
pp. 1224-1231
Author(s):  
Sunand Bhattacharya ◽  
Jeremy Dunning ◽  
Abtar Kaur ◽  
David Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning Objects ◽  
Traditional Classroom ◽  
Learning Object ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Excellent Teachers

Web-based distance learning is hampered in many cases by a failure to deliver material in a manner consistent with the ways in which students learn and instructors teach best in traditional environments (Samoriski, 2002). Excellent teachers are successful because of the ways in which they mediate content and place the content within the context of the subject matter. It is not the specific content or images the successful teacher presents, but rather the manner in which they are presented and framed within the scope of the topic area. Excellent teachers teach by presenting the content and then providing the students with substantive opportunities to apply the content to real-world problems in an effort to promote critical thinking on the part of the student. This is a highly interactive process with much information being transmitted between the student and the instructor. The interchange between the instructor and the student helps the student build a knowledge base with the assistance of the instructor’s experience and expertise in the topic area. The exact nature of the interchange is not predetermined and depends to a great extent on the creativity and breadth of experience of the instructor. The successful instructor adjusts his or her interaction with the students to the learning styles best suited to them. How do we provide the learner with this important component of traditional classroom education in asynchronous distance education or technology-mediated traditional classes? Web-based instruction is rapidly becoming the preferred mode of distance education, and we must adapt our instructional interaction styles to this medium. Our students now expect more interactive and immersive materials in Web-based learning than that typically provided in the traditional classroom or correspondence distance education (Samoriski, 2002). The TALON learning object system is a series of repurposeable learning object templates based on styles of teaching and learning as described by Dunning et al. (2003). These flash-based templates allow instructors to design and execute interactive learning objects in approximately 10% of the time required to create them from first principles, because the use of them requires little or no alteration of existing source code or writing of additional code (Abtar, Dunning, Harvinder, & Halimatolhanin, 2004; Dunning et al., 2004). The fact that the learning objects are based on the successful learning styles experienced in the traditional classroom ensures that the student is both engaged and allowed to build a knowledge base about the content being covered.

Definition and History of Online Professional Development

2014 ◽  
pp. 190-211
Author(s):  
Carol A. Brown ◽  
Renée E. Weiss Neal
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Teacher Professional Development ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Online Professional Development ◽  
Web Conferencing ◽  
Online Teaching And Learning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Teacher Professional

There exists a consensus on the importance of teacher professional development. This chapter provides a knowledge base for environments, describes the benefits, best practices, and sources for quality online professional development. The attributes associated with online professional development can be examined within the framework of web conferencing, web cast, and online teaching and learning. An annotated bibliography and extensive glossary related to online professional development are included in this chapter.

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