scholarly journals An experimental test of the geodesic rule proposition for the noncyclic geometric phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. eaay8345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifan Zhou ◽  
Yair Margalit ◽  
Samuel Moukouri ◽  
Yigal Meir ◽  
Ron Folman
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Geometric Phase ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Matter Wave ◽  
Experimental Demonstration ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Sign Change ◽  
Quantum Technology ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Phase Space Trajectory

The geometric phase due to the evolution of the Hamiltonian is a central concept in quantum physics and may become advantageous for quantum technology. In noncyclic evolutions, a proposition relates the geometric phase to the area bounded by the phase-space trajectory and the shortest geodesic connecting its end points. The experimental demonstration of this geodesic rule proposition in different systems is of great interest, especially due to the potential use in quantum technology. Here, we report a previously unshown experimental confirmation of the geodesic rule for a noncyclic geometric phase by means of a spatial SU(2) matter-wave interferometer, demonstrating, with high precision, the predicted phase sign change and π jumps. We show the connection between our results and the Pancharatnam phase. Last, we point out that the geodesic rule may be applied to obtain the red shift in general relativity, enabling a new quantum tool to measure gravity.

scholarly journals Otto Stern’s Molecular Beam Method and Its Impact on Quantum Physics

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-88
Author(s):  
Bretislav Friedrich ◽  
Horst Schmidt-Böcking
Keyword(s):  
Momentum Transfer ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Magnetic Dipole Moment ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Matter Wave ◽  
Experimental Demonstration ◽  
Photon Momentum ◽  
Beam Method ◽  
Isolated Systems

AbstractMotivated by his interest in thermodynamics and the emerging quantum mechanics, Otto Stern (1888–1969) launched in 1919 his molecular beam method to examine the fundamental assumptions of theory that transpire in atomic, molecular, optical, and nuclear physics. Stern’s experimental endeavors at Frankfurt (1919–1922), Hamburg (1923–1933), and Pittsburgh (1933–1945) provided insights into the quantum world that were independent of spectroscopy and that concerned well-defined isolated systems, hitherto accessible only to Gedanken experiments. In this chapter we look at how Stern’s molecular beam research came about and review six of his seminal experiments along with their context and reception by the physics community: the Stern-Gerlach experiment; the three-stage Stern-Gerlach experiment; experimental evidence for de Broglie’s matter waves; measurements of the magnetic dipole moment of the proton and the deuteron; experimental demonstration of momentum transfer upon absorption or emission of a photon; the experimental verification of the Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution via deflection of a molecular beam by gravity. Regarded as paragons of thoroughness and ingenuity, these experiments entail accurate transversal momentum measurements with resolution better than 0.1 atomic units. Some of these experiments would be taken up by others where Stern left off only decades later (matter-wave scattering or photon momentum transfer). We conclude by highlighting aspects of Stern’s legacy as reflected by the honors that have been bestowed upon him to date.

scholarly journals Astronomical tests of relativity: beyond parameterized post-Newtonian formalism (PPN), to testing fundamental principles

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S261) ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladik Kreinovich
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Final Theory ◽  
Gravitational Theories ◽  
Cosmological Observations ◽  
Partial Analysis ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
Improved Accuracy ◽  
Fundamental Physical ◽  
Relativistic Gravitation

AbstractBy the early 1970s, the improved accuracy of astrometric and time measurements enabled researchers not only to experimentally compare relativistic gravity with the Newtonian predictions, but also to compare different relativistic gravitational theories (e.g., the Brans-Dicke Scalar-Tensor Theory of Gravitation). For this comparison, Kip Thorne and others developed the Parameterized Post-Newtonian Formalism (PPN), and derived the dependence of different astronomically observable effects on the values of the corresponding parameters.Since then, all the observations have confirmed General Relativity. In other words, the question of which relativistic gravitation theory is in the best accordance with the experiments has been largely settled. This does not mean that General Relativity is the final theory of gravitation: it needs to be reconciled with quantum physics (into quantum gravity), it may also need to be reconciled with numerous surprising cosmological observations, etc. It is, therefore, reasonable to prepare an extended version of the PPN formalism, that will enable us to test possible quantum-related modifications of General Relativity.In particular, we need to include the possibility of violating fundamental principles that underlie the PPN formalism but that may be violated in quantum physics, such as scale-invariance, T-invariance, P-invariance, energy conservation, spatial isotropy violations, etc. In this paper, we present the first attempt to design the corresponding extended PPN formalism, with the (partial) analysis of the relation between the corresponding fundamental physical principles.

scholarly journals Photon polarization and geometric phase in general relativity

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aharon Brodutch ◽  
Tommaso F. Demarie ◽  
Daniel R. Terno
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Geometric Phase ◽  
Photon Polarization

Quantum Metrology Based on Nonclassical Atomic States

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Jae Hoon LEE ◽  
Hyojun SEOK
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Quantum Measurements ◽  
Atomic Ensemble ◽  
Collective State ◽  
Quantum Metrology ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Measurement Sensitivity ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Quantum Technology ◽  
Atomic States

Quantum measurements with atoms have been at the forefront of quantum technology and provide crucial information for a better understanding of quantum physics ever since their conception over a century ago. The universality of the quantized energy states of atoms makes the collective state of an atomic ensemble an outstanding platform for quantum-enhanced metrology. We introduce basic concepts regarding the metrological gain acquired from using nonclassical quantum states via multiparticle entanglement. Current challenges and future prospects for further enhancement of the measurement sensitivity through the use of nonclassical atomic states are discussed with reference to the shot noise and Heisenberg limits.

scholarly journals Extended harmonic mapping connects the equations in classical, statistical, fluid, quantum physics and general relativity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Zhai ◽  
Changyu Huang ◽  
Gang Ren
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Harmonic Maps ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Harmonic Mapping ◽  
Geodesic Equation ◽  
Lagrange Equations ◽  
Least Action ◽  
Principle Of Least Action ◽  
Fundamental Equations

Abstract One potential pathway to find an ultimate rule governing our universe is to hunt for a connection among the fundamental equations in physics. Recently, Ren et al. reported that the harmonic maps with potential introduced by Duan, named extended harmonic mapping (EHM), connect the equations of general relativity, chaos and quantum mechanics via a universal geodesic equation. The equation, expressed as Euler–Lagrange equations on the Riemannian manifold, was obtained from the principle of least action. Here, we further demonstrate that more than ten fundamental equations, including that  of classical mechanics, fluid physics, statistical physics, astrophysics, quantum physics and general relativity, can be connected by the same universal geodesic equation. The connection sketches a family tree of the physics equations, and their intrinsic connections reflect an alternative ultimate rule of our universe, i.e., the principle of least action on a Finsler manifold.

Airborne and underground matter-wave interferometers: geodesy, navigation and general relativity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devang Naik ◽  
Andrea Bertoldi ◽  
Baptiste Batteleir ◽  
Benjamin Canuel ◽  
Philippe Bouyer
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Matter Wave
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