AbstractTwo kinds of marine polypropylene (M1-PP and M2-PP) and one land PP (L-PP) samples were collected from two beaches and land in Japan, respectively, to study the fragmentation mechanisms. Delamination was observed on both M1-PP and M2-PP surfaces. Moreover, there was no delamination but an abrasion patch structure on the surface of L-PP. The delamination was studied using an advanced oxidation process-degraded PP as the marine PP model. The number and shape of cracks varied with an increase in degradation time. The fluctuations in the values and ratios of the carbonyl index as well as the weight change ratio were due to repeated oxidation and delamination. We found that the delamination behavior depends on the oxidation state. Poly(oxyethylene)8 octylphenyl ether (POE8) surfactant treatment caused the delamination to speed up, which is a typical characteristic of polyolefin environmental stress cracking (ESC). These results reveal that delamination is based on ESC.Article Highlights
Two kinds of marine and one land polypropylene (PP) samples were collected from two beaches and land, respectively, to study the fragmentation mechanisms.
Delamination was observed on both of marine PP surfaces. Moreover, there was no delamination but an abrasion patch structure on the land PP surface.
We found that the delamination was based on environmental stress cracking mechanism by employing a marine PP model.
Big or small, patchy all: Resolution of marine plankton patch structure at micro- to submesoscales for 36 taxa
