Enhanced degradation of phenol by a novel biomaterial through the immobilization of bacteria on cationic straw

Phenol possessing a threat to human health, is in great demand to search fast and efficient methods to be discharged. In this study, a novel biomaterial was prepared by the immobilization bacteria on cationic straw carrier, and the remediation ability of the biomaterial on phenol-containing wastewater was investigated. The free bacteria could degrade 1,000 mg/L phenol within 240 h, while the prepared biomaterial was 192 h, shortening 48 h than that of free bacteria. In addition, the degradation tolerance of biomaterial increased from 1,000 mg/L to 1,200 mg/L than the free bacteria, within 216 h, which shortened 24 h than the degradation time of 1,000 mg/L phenol by free bacteria (240 h). Further, under different pH conditions, the degradation efficiency of phenol by prepared biomaterial was much higher than that of free bacteria. Especially for the lower pH 5, the degradation efficiency of biomaterial was nearly twice that of the free bacteria. This investigation demonstrates that this biomaterial has great potentials on the field of remediation of organic pollutions.

Modeling Conflicts Resulting from Sharing Telecommunication Resource between Antagonistic Control Systems

Today state-of-the-art communication systems, whilst being limited in resources, use a shared information and telecommunication network to provide integrated communication services; the resources of such a network are split between various control systems, some of which may conflict, resulting in a variety of malware attacks. This paper dwells upon a method for modeling conflicts resulting from sharing a telecommunication resource between antagonistic control systems; the method takes into account the use of such a shared resource (ITCN) and the following processes: data processing by cyber threat intelligence systems, and making decisions on executing MAs upon the elements of conflicting control systems; for each moment of simulation time, the method calculates the current potential of each conflicting system in order to find the average potential degradation time.

Effect of Degradation Time on Carotene Content in Crude Carotene Extract of Carrot for the Formation of its Derivative Aromatic Compounds

Background: The difference in degradation time on the formation of carotene’s derivative aromatic compounds [β-ionone and dihydroactinidiolide (dhA)] due to thermal degradation process of carotenes in crude carotenoid extract of carrot was studied. Methods: β-ionone and dhA formation and that of carotenes degradation during thermal degradation (T=140°C) was observed periodically for 4 h. The constant oxygen supply during degradation was maintained at approx. 7 L/h. Result: The formation of β-ionone and dhA accumulated significantly with increasing duration of the degradation process. The maximum formation of β-ionone and dhA could be estimated with the pattern of carotenes degradation. After 4 h of degradation, more than 80% carotene has degraded. It can be concluded that the degradation process of crude carotene extract from carrots at temperature of 140°C will result in a maximum carotene degradation process when the degradation process is carried out for 5 h.

Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Blend based on LDPE/cassava stem nanofiber cellulose

Conventional plastic becomes trend topic due to its long degradation time and needs attention related to environmental problem. One type of plastic that is difficult to be degraded is LDPE. Some of the efforts done is to synthesize plastics with organic material so that it becomes biodegradable plastic. Cellulose is an organic material that is abundant in nature and can be used as a filler. This research aims to synthesis the biodegradable plastic films composted by nanocellulose – LDPE. Mechanical (UTM), water resistance and degradation test has been done. The properties of the biodegradable blend still meet the commercial LDPE standart. Even though the biocomposite based on LDPE-nanofiber cellulose can not totally degradable but it is can be used as a solution to reduce the degradation time of a plastic waste.

Difference in polypropylene fragmentation mechanism between marine and terrestrial regions

Two kinds of marine polypropylene (M1-PP and M2-PP) and one land PP (L-PP) samples were collected from two beaches and land in Japan, respectively, to study the fragmentation mechanisms. Delamination was observed on both M1-PP and M2-PP surfaces. Moreover, there was no delamination but an abrasion patch structure on the surface of L-PP. The delamination was studied using an advanced oxidation process-degraded PP as the marine PP model. The number and shape of cracks varied with an increase in degradation time. The fluctuations in the values and ratios of the carbonyl index as well as the weight change ratio were due to repeated oxidation and delamination. We found that the delamination behavior depends on the oxidation state. Poly(oxyethylene)8 octylphenyl ether (POE8) surfactant treatment caused the delamination to speed up, which is a typical characteristic of polyolefin environmental stress cracking (ESC). These results reveal that delamination is based on ESC.Article Highlights Two kinds of marine and one land polypropylene (PP) samples were collected from two beaches and land, respectively, to study the fragmentation mechanisms. Delamination was observed on both of marine PP surfaces. Moreover, there was no delamination but an abrasion patch structure on the land PP surface. We found that the delamination was based on environmental stress cracking mechanism by employing a marine PP model.

Estimation of Cole Parameters in ex-vivo tissues as a function of degradation time

Bioimpedance spectroscopy has been used to evaluate and characterize the integrity of different tissues and organs, as well as to detect tissue structural alterations. The tissue electrical model alterations as an influence of the anisotropy of the tissue structure and its intrinsic metabolism on the degradation dynamic have not been completely understood. In this work, the dynamic of Cole parameters was estimated as a function of degradation time in ex vivo skeletal muscle, skin, and white adipose tissues. The results indicate a non-linear behavior function of the Cole parameters through degradation progress in the three evaluated tissues, and such non-linearities might be associated with different capacities of adaptation to anaerobic metabolism, energy production, and water content under stress conditions.

An Overview of the Main Trends in the Creation of Biodegradable Polymer Materials

Plastic is one of the most demanded materials on the planet, and the increasing consumption of which contributes to the accumulation of significant amounts of waste based on it. For this reason, a new approach to the development of these materials has been formed: the production of polymers with constant operational characteristics during the period of consumption and capable of then being destroyed under the influence of environmental factors and being involved in the metabolic processes of natural biosystems. The paper outlines the prerequisites for the development of the field of creating biodegradable composite materials, as well as the main technical solutions for obtaining such polymeric materials. The main current solutions for reducing and regulating the degradation time of polymer materials are presented. The most promising ways of further development of the field of bioplastics production are described. Common types of polymers based on renewable raw materials, composites with their use, and modified materials from natural and synthetic polymers are considered.