scholarly journals The evolutionary history of Neanderthal and Denisovan Y chromosomes

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6511) ◽  
pp. 1653-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Petr ◽  
Mateja Hajdinjak ◽  
Qiaomei Fu ◽  
Elena Essel ◽  
Hélène Rougier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Chromosomal Gene ◽  
Human History ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
History Of

Ancient DNA has provided new insights into many aspects of human history. However, we lack comprehensive studies of the Y chromosomes of Denisovans and Neanderthals because the majority of specimens that have been sequenced to sufficient coverage are female. Sequencing Y chromosomes from two Denisovans and three Neanderthals shows that the Y chromosomes of Denisovans split around 700 thousand years ago from a lineage shared by Neanderthals and modern human Y chromosomes, which diverged from each other around 370 thousand years ago. The phylogenetic relationships of archaic and modern human Y chromosomes differ from the population relationships inferred from the autosomal genomes and mirror mitochondrial DNA phylogenies, indicating replacement of both the mitochondrial and Y chromosomal gene pools in late Neanderthals. This replacement is plausible if the low effective population size of Neanderthals resulted in an increased genetic load in Neanderthals relative to modern humans.

scholarly journals The evolutionary history of Neandertal and Denisovan Y chromosomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Petr ◽  
Mateja Hajdinjak ◽  
Qiaomei Fu ◽  
Elena Essel ◽  
Hélène Rougier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Human History ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
History Of

AbstractAncient DNA has allowed the study of various aspects of human history in unprecedented detail. However, because the majority of archaic human specimens preserved well enough for genome sequencing have been female, comprehensive studies of Y chromosomes of Denisovans and Neandertals have not yet been possible. Here we present sequences of the first Denisovan Y chromosomes (Denisova 4 and Denisova 8), as well as the Y chromosomes of three late Neandertals (Spy 94a, Mezmaiskaya 2 and El Sidrón 1253). We find that the Denisovan Y chromosomes split around 700 thousand years ago (kya) from a lineage shared by Neandertal and modern human Y chromosomes, which diverged from each other around 370 kya. The phylogenetic relationships of archaic and modern human Y chromosomes therefore differ from population relationships inferred from their autosomal genomes, and mirror the relationships observed on the level of mitochondrial DNA. This provides strong evidence that gene flow from an early lineage related to modern humans resulted in the replacement of both the mitochondrial and Y chromosomal gene pools in late Neandertals. Although unlikely under neutrality, we show that this replacement is plausible if the low effective population size of Neandertals resulted in an increased genetic load in their Y chromosomes and mitochondrial DNA relative to modern humans.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA Diversity of Modern, Ancient and Wild Sheep (Ovis gmelinii anatolica) from Turkey: New Insights on the Evolutionary History of Sheep

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e81952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevgin Demirci ◽  
Evren Koban Baştanlar ◽  
Nihan Dilşad Dağtaş ◽  
Evangelia Pişkin ◽  
Atilla Engin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Dna Diversity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wild Sheep

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the California Thrasher (Toxostoma Redivivum) Based on Nested-Clade Analysis of Mitochondrial-DNA Variation

The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-361
Author(s):  
Erik A. Sgariglia ◽  
Kevin J. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Nested Clade Analysis ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Past Fragmentation ◽  
Intraspecific Relationships ◽  
Geologic Data

Abstract Distribution of genealogical lineages within a species is likely the result of a complicated series of ecological and historical events. Nested-clade analysis is specifically designed as an objective phylogeographic approach for inferring evolutionary processes on a spatial and temporal scale for small subclades within a larger set of intraspecific relationships. Here, we use nested-clade analysis as well as other phylogeographic methods to investigate the evolutionary history of California Thrasher (Toxostoma redivivum) populations. Inferences resulting from nested clade analysis suggest a history that includes past fragmentation, range expansion, and isolation-by-distance. Along with root information, those inferences enable the construction of a biogeographic scenario for this species involving general southern ancestry, an early north–south division, northward range expansion, and a southward back-expansion into an already populated southern region. Isolation-by-distance is also identified, particularly in southern California, indicating that gene flow between localities does occur but is restricted. Many conclusions drawn from this study are concordant with geologic data as well as phylogeographic scenarios drawn for other codistributed California taxa.

scholarly journals The origin, current diversity and future conservation of the modern lion ( Panthera leo )

2006 ◽  
Vol 273 (1598) ◽  
pp. 2119-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Barnett ◽  
Nobuyuki Yamaguchi ◽  
Ian Barnes ◽  
Alan Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Geographic Populations ◽  
Sub Saharan

Understanding the phylogeographic processes affecting endangered species is crucial both to interpreting their evolutionary history and to the establishment of conservation strategies. Lions provide a key opportunity to explore such processes; however, a lack of genetic diversity and shortage of suitable samples has until now hindered such investigation. We used mitochondrial control region DNA (mtDNA) sequences to investigate the phylogeographic history of modern lions, using samples from across their entire range. We find the sub-Saharan African lions are basal among modern lions, supporting a single African origin model of modern lion evolution, equivalent to the ‘recent African origin’ model of modern human evolution. We also find the greatest variety of mtDNA haplotypes in the centre of Africa, which may be due to the distribution of physical barriers and continental-scale habitat changes caused by Pleistocene glacial oscillations. Our results suggest that the modern lion may currently consist of three geographic populations on the basis of their recent evolutionary history: North African–Asian, southern African and middle African. Future conservation strategies should take these evolutionary subdivisions into consideration.

Mitochondrial DNA Diversity and Evolutionary History of Native Human Populations of Argentinean Northwest Patagonia

Human Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Postillone ◽  
Cobos ◽  
Urrutia ◽  
Dejean ◽  
Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Dna Diversity ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Evolutionary history of Nile perch Lates sp. inferred from mitochondrial DNA variation analyses

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Tenywa Mwanja ◽  
Vincent Muwanika ◽  
Charles Masembe ◽  
Sylvester Nyakaana ◽  
Wilson Waiswa Mwanja
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Nile Perch ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
History Of
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