Vaccines for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Other Coronaviruses

Nidoviruses ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 379-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Enjuanes ◽  
Marta L. DeDiego ◽  
Enrique Alvarez ◽  
Carmen Capiscol ◽  
Ralph Baric
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus

scholarly journals Rapid, sensitive, full genome sequencing of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clinton R Paden ◽  
Ying Tao ◽  
Krista Queen ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Sanger Sequencing ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Miseq Sequencing ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Global Pandemic

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 recently emerged, resulting a global pandemic. Rapid genomic information is critical to understanding transmission and pathogenesis. Here, we describe validated protocols for generating high-quality full-length genomes from primary samples. The first employs multiplex RT-PCR followed by MinION or MiSeq sequencing. The second uses singleplex, nested RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing.

scholarly journals Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on a Human Research Islet Program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina J Dafoe ◽  
Theodore dos Santos ◽  
Aliya F Spigelman ◽  
James Lyon ◽  
Nancy Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Islet Isolation ◽  
Human Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Organ Quality ◽  
New Guidelines

Designated a pandemic in March 2020, the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), led to new guidelines and restrictions being implemented for individuals, businesses, and societies in efforts to limit the impacts of COVID-19 on personal health and healthcare systems. Here we report the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on pancreas processing and islet isolation/distribution outcomes at the Alberta Diabetes Institute IsletCore, a facility specialising in the processing and distribution of human pancreatic islets for research. While the number of organs processed was significantly reduced, organ quality and the function of cellular outputs were minimally impacted during the pandemic when compared to an equivalent period immediately prior. Despite the maintained quality of isolated islets, recipient groups reported poorer feedback regarding the samples. Our findings suggest this is likely due to disrupted distribution which led to increased transit times to recipient labs, particularly those overseas. Thus, to improve overall outcomes in a climate of limited research islet supply, prioritization of tissue recipients based on likely tissue transit times may be needed.

scholarly journals Avian influenza virus, Streptococcus suis serotype 2, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and beyond: molecular epidemiology, ecology and the situation in China

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1530) ◽  
pp. 2725-2737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ma ◽  
Youjun Feng ◽  
Di Liu ◽  
George F. Gao
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Streptococcus Suis ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Highly Pathogenic

The outbreak and spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus and the subsequent identification of its animal origin study have heightened the world's awareness of animal-borne or zoonotic pathogens. In addition to SARS, the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV), H5N1, and the lower pathogenicity H9N2 AIV have expanded their host ranges to infect human beings and other mammalian species as well as birds. Even the ‘well-known’ reservoir animals for influenza virus, migratory birds, became victims of the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus. Not only the viruses, but bacteria can also expand their host range: a new disease, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, caused by human Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection, has been observed in China with 52 human fatalities in two separate outbreaks (1998 and 2005, respectively). Additionally, enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection has increased worldwide with severe disease. Several outbreaks and sporadic isolations of this pathogen in China have made it an important target for disease control. A new highly pathogenic variant of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been isolated in both China and Vietnam recently; although PRRSV is not a zoonotic human pathogen, its severe outbreaks have implications for food safety. All of these pathogens occur in Southeast Asia, including China, with severe consequences; therefore, we discuss the issues in this article by addressing the situation of the zoonotic threat in China.

A Review: Coronavirus, Its Types, And Impact of COVID-19 on Global Wealth

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 455-461
Author(s):  
Ashish B. Budhrani
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Unique Strain ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

The virus can multiply itself and their genetic code mostly includes either RNA or DNA. In many different ways, the various types of viral species are spread. For examples, Human immunodeficiency virus is transferred through body fluids, plant viruses are transferred from plant to plant by insects and other organisms, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virus transmitted by humans and animals, COVID-19 is a respiratory virus that transmitted mainly through direct contact with an infected individual by respiratory droplets when the infected person coughs or sneezes, or by saliva droplets or nose discharge. are the viruses that belong to the class and subclass , order . Some human infections are mild, but Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) human transmission from animals to humans, have caused more than ten thousand cumulative cases in the past two decades. And now a novel namely known as COVID-19 is a unique strain which has notbeen previously recognized in humans emerged as the most important global health threats. this study aims to assess the awareness of this COVID-19 among the general public and to provide basic information such as signs and symptoms, origin, diagnostic method, treatment, prevention recommended by WHO and impact of COVID-19 on global wealth. Global stock exchange has a drop-down rapidly as stock investors continue to worry about the broader economic effects of the COVID-19.

scholarly journals Evidence of Airborne Transmission of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus

2004 ◽  
Vol 350 (17) ◽  
pp. 1731-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignatius T.S. Yu ◽  
Yuguo Li ◽  
Tze Wai Wong ◽  
Wilson Tam ◽  
Andy T. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Airborne Transmission

scholarly journals Inhibition of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replication by Small Interfering RNAs in Mammalian Cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (14) ◽  
pp. 7523-7527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Lili Ren ◽  
Xingang Zhao ◽  
Tao Hung ◽  
Anming Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an acute respiratory infectious disease that spread worldwide in early 2003. The cause was determined as a novel coronavirus (CoV), SARS-associated CoV (SARS-CoV), with a single-stranded, plus-sense RNA. To date, no effective specific treatment has been identified. To exploit the possibility of using RNA interference as a therapeutic approach to fight the disease, plasmid-mediated small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were generated to target the SARS-CoV genome. The expression of siRNAs from two plasmids, which specifically target the viral RNA polymerase, effectively blocked the cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV on Vero cells. These two plasmids also inhibited viral replication as shown by titer assays and by an examination of viral RNA and protein levels. Thus, our results demonstrated the feasibility of developing siRNAs as effective anti-SARS drugs.

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