Cilofungin (LY121019), an antifungal agent with specific activity against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis.

SummaryA 54-year-old man presented with candida tropicalis meningitis after exploration of the mastoid. He responded well to the combined intravenous administration of amphotericin B and 5 fluorocytosine. But 5 fluorocytosine had to be withdrawn when the candida proved to be resistant to this antifungal agent. However, the patient made an uneventful recovery. This seems to be the first report of a candida tropicalis meningitis in an otherwise healthy adult patient in this country.Infection of the meninges with candida remains rare (Black, 1970). Most of them are caused by candida albicans in patients with some other underlying conditions or those on prolonged antibiotic, corticosteroid, cytotoxic, immunosuppresive therapies. The purpose of this brief communication is to draw attention to its occurrence in a healthy patient following exploration of the mastoid for chronic suppurative middle-ear disease.

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Decreased Accumulation or Increased Isoleucyl-tRNA Synthetase Activity Confers Resistance to the Cyclic β-Amino Acid BAY 10-8888 in Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.42.7.1581 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 42 (7) ◽

pp. 1581-1586 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Karl Ziegelbauer

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Candida Tropicalis ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Trna Synthetase ◽

Intracellular Concentration ◽

Synthetase Activity ◽

Resistant Mutants ◽

Resistance Modeling

ABSTRACT BAY 10-8888, a cyclic β-amino acid, exerts its antifungal activity by inhibition of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase activity after accumulation to a millimolar concentration inside the cell. We have selected and characterized BAY 10-8888-resistant Candida albicans mutants. Reduced BAY 10-8888 accumulation as well as increased isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase activity was observed in these mutants. Some of the mutants were cross-resistant to cispentacin, a structurally related β-amino acid, while sensitivities to 5-fluorocytosine and fluconazole remained unchanged in all mutants. All except two in vitro-resistant mutants were pathogenic in a murine candidiasis model, and BAY 10-8888 failed to cure the infection. Furthermore, we have characterized BAY 10-8888 transport and isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase activity in several Candida tropicalis strains which showed MICs higher than those of other Candida strains. An analysis of the C. tropicalis strains revealed that intracellular concentrations of BAY 10-8888 were in the millimolar range, comparable to those for C. albicans. However, these isolates expressed isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase activities about fourfold higher than those for C. albicans. To test the possibility of resistance modeling, we determined the correlations between the intracellular concentration of BAY 10-8888, the specific activity of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, the number of free, i.e., noninhibited, isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase molecules/cell, and growth, assuming a linear relation. We found significant correlations between growth and the intracellular concentration of BAY 10-8888 and between growth and the number of free isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase molecules/cell, but not between growth and the specific activity of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase.

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Pathogenicity of Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans after gastrointestinal inoculation in mice

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.29.2.808-813.1980 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 808-813 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J R Wingard ◽

J D Dick ◽

W G Merz ◽

G R Sandford ◽

R Saral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Lung Tissue ◽

Candida Tropicalis ◽

Cytotoxic Drugs ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Gastrointestinal Mucosa ◽

Compromised Host ◽

Adult Mice

The ability of clinical isolates of Candida albicans and candida tropicalis to invade through normal and damaged gastrointestinal mucosa was determined. Adult mice were treated with either gentamicin or gentamicin and cytarabine. Suspensions of yeast cells (10(7)) were administered through a catheter intraesophageally. Invasion was determined by culturing liver, kidney, and lung tissue from mice sacrificed after 48 h. C. albicans and C. tropicalis were incapable of invading through normal gastrointestinal mucosa in mice treated only with gentamicin. Two isolates of C. tropicalis penetrated the damaged gastrointestinal mucosa in 69% (49 of 71) of mice treated with gentamicin and cytarabine. In contrast, three isolates of C. albicans penetrated he damaged gastrointestinal mucosa in only 23% (14 of 62) of mice. These results suggest that C. tropicalis is more capable of invading through damaged gastrointestinal mucosa than C. albicans. The observations in this mouse model parallel those seen in patients on cytotoxic drugs. Therefore, this model offers a tool for investigation of the pathogenicity of these organisms in a model analogous to the compromised host.

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Interactions between Terpinen-4-ol and Nystatin on biofilm of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201802073 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 359-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Caroline Coradi Tonon ◽

Renata Serignoli Francisconi ◽

Ester Alves Ferreira Bordini ◽

Patrícia Milagros Maquera Huacho ◽

Janaína de Cássia Orlandi Sardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Enzymatic Activity ◽

Candida Tropicalis ◽

Microtiter Plate ◽

Synergistic Activity ◽

Oral Keratinocytes ◽

Mixed Species ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Anti Fungal ◽

Oral Cells

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of Terpinen-4-ol associated with nystatin, on single and mixed species biofilms formed by Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis, as well as the effect of terpinen-4-ol on adhesion in oral cells and the enzymatic activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum fungicide concentrations of terpinen-4-ol and nystatin on Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis were determined using the microdilution broth method, along with their synergistic activity (“checkerboard” method). Single and mixed species biofilms were prepared using the static microtiter plate model and quantified by colony forming units (CFU/mL). The effect of Terpinen-4-ol in adhesion of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in coculture with oral keratinocytes (NOK Si) was evaluated, as well as the enzymatic activity by measuring the size of the precipitation zone, after the growth agar to phospholipase, protease and hemolysin. Terpinen-4-ol (4.53 mg mL-1) and nystatin (0.008 mg mL-1) were able to inhibit biofilms growth, and a synergistic antifungal effect was showed with the drug association, reducing the inhibitory concentration of nystatin up to 8 times in single biofilm of Candida albicans, and 2 times in mixed species biofilm. A small decrease in the adhesion of Candida tropicalis in NOK Si cells was showed after treatment with terpinen-4-ol, and nystatin had a greater effect for both species. For enzymatic activity, the drugs showed no action. The effect potentiated by the combination of terpinen-4-ol and nystatin and the reduction of adhesion provide evidence of its potential as an anti-fungal agent.

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FORMACIÓN DE BIOPELÍCULAS Y SENSIBILIDAD A ANTIFÚNGICOS DE Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis Y Candida glabrata

10.22533/at.ed.3382123119 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 93-105

Author(s):

Alejandra Paula Espinosa Texis ◽

Débora Vázquez Domínguez ◽

David Iván Loaiza Toscuento ◽

Teresita Spezzia Mazzocco

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Candida Tropicalis ◽

Candida Glabrata

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Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Chitosan with Fluconazole against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Fluconazole-Resistant Strains

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25215114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (21) ◽

pp. 5114

Author(s):

Wei-Hsuan Lo ◽

Fu-Sheng Deng ◽

Chih-Jung Chang ◽

Ching-Hsuan Lin

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Candida Tropicalis ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Combinational Treatment ◽

Fluconazole Resistant ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

(1) Background: Few antifungal drugs are currently available, and drug-resistant strains have rapidly emerged. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the antifungal activity from a combinational treatment of chitosan with a clinical antifungal drug on Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. (2) Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests, checkerboard assays, and disc assays were employed to determine the inhibitory effect of chitosan with or without other antifungal drugs on C. albicans and C. tropicalis. (3) Results: Treatment with chitosan in combination with fluconazole showed a great synergistic fungicidal effect against C. albicans and C. tropicalis, but an indifferent effect on antifungal activity when challenged with chitosan-amphotericin B or chitosan-caspofungin simultaneously. Furthermore, the combination of chitosan and fluconazole was effective against drug-resistant strains. (4) Conclusions: These findings provide strong evidence that chitosan in combination with fluconazole is a promising therapy against two Candida species and its drug-resistant strains.

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Infecções oportunistas por leveduras e perfil enzimático dos agentes etiológicos

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822009000200019 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 188-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Danielle Patrícia Cerqueira Macêdo ◽

Aline Mary de Almeida Farias ◽

Reginaldo Gonçalves de Lima Neto ◽

Vanessa Karina Alves da Silva ◽

André Ferraz Goiana Leal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Candida Tropicalis ◽

Candida Parapsilosis ◽

Candida Guilliermondii ◽

Candida Krusei

Infecções por leveduras são freqüentes em imunocomprometidos, contudo espécies emergentes têm alterado o perfil epidemiológico. A habilidade de secretar proteases tem sido associada à patogenicidade do gênero Candida. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos diagnosticar leveduroses em pacientes imunocomprometidos e avaliar a virulência dos agentes etiológicos baseado em teste de secreção de protease utilizando soro de albumina bovina como substrato. Do total de 104 pacientes estudados, 19 apresentaram episódios de leveduroses. O trato respiratório (63,2%), seguido pelo trato urinário (10,5%) foram os locais mais comuns de infecção. Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis e espécies emergentes como Candida krusei e Candida guilliermondii foram isoladas. Cinco isolados de Candida parapsilosis e um de Candida albicans e Candida guilliermondii exibiram alta atividade enzimática. Concluímos que a caracterização enzimática de isolados de Candida pode ser um útil marcador prognóstico, especialmente em imunocomprometidos, uma vez que leveduroses nestes pacientes são geralmente graves.

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Factors involved in the adherence of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis to protein-adsorbed surfaces

Mycopathologia ◽

10.1007/bf00437146 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 118 (3) ◽

pp. 139-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Hiroki Nikawa ◽

Shinsuke Sadamori ◽

Taizo Hamada ◽

Kyuichiro Okuda

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Candida Tropicalis

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated enhanced anti-candidal activity of ZnS–ZnO nanocomposites with low inhibitory concentrations

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c5ra13316e ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (94) ◽

pp. 76718-76728 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

P. Suyana ◽

S. Nishanth Kumar ◽

Nimisha Madhavan ◽

B. S. Dileep Kumar ◽

Balagopal N. Nair ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Candida Tropicalis ◽

Yeast Species ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Precipitation Technique

Enhanced antifungal activity against the yeast species Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was displayed by ZnS–ZnO nanocomposites prepared by a simple precipitation technique.

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The yeast, the antifungal, and the wardrobe: a journey into antifungal resistance mechanisms of Candida tropicalis

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2019-0531 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 377-388

Author(s):

Jonathas Sales de Oliveira ◽

Vandbergue Santos Pereira ◽

Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco ◽

Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro ◽

José Júlio Costa Sidrim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Candida Tropicalis ◽

Clinical Management ◽

Candida Species ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Antifungal Resistance ◽

Resistant Strains

Candida tropicalis is a prominent non-Candida albicans Candida species involved in cases of candidemia, mainly causing infections in patients in intensive care units and (or) those presenting neutropenia. In recent years, several studies have reported an increase in the recovery rates of azole-resistant C. tropicalis isolates. Understanding C. tropicalis resistance is of great importance, since resistant strains are implicated in persistent or recurrent and breakthrough infections. In this review, we address the main mechanisms underlying C. tropicalis resistance to the major antifungal classes used to treat candidiasis. The main genetic basis involved in C. tropicalis antifungal resistance is discussed. A better understanding of the epidemiology of resistant strains and the mechanisms involved in C. tropicalis resistance can help improve diagnosis and assessment of the antifungal susceptibility of this Candida species to improve clinical management.

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