scholarly journals Comparative in vitro effects of liposomal amphotericin B, amphotericin B-deoxycholate, and free amphotericin B against fungal strains determined by using MIC and minimal lethal concentration susceptibility studies and time-kill curves.

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
E D Ralph ◽  
A M Khazindar ◽  
K R Barber ◽  
C W Grant
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin B ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Amphotericin B Deoxycholate ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Minimal Lethal Concentration

scholarly journals In vitro activities of amphotericin B deoxycholate and liposomal amphotericin B against 604 clinical yeast isolates

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 1638-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Montagna ◽  
Grazia Lovero ◽  
Caterina Coretti ◽  
Osvalda De Giglio ◽  
Domenico Martinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin B ◽  
Issatchenkia Orientalis ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Amphotericin B Deoxycholate ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
A3 Method

We determined the in vitro antifungal activity of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) against 604 clinical yeast isolates. Amphotericin B deoxycholate (D-AmB) was tested in parallel against all the isolates. Susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A3 method. Overall, L-AmB was highly active against the isolates (mean MIC, 0.42 µg ml−1; MIC90, 1 µg ml−1; 97.2 % of MICs were ≤1 µg ml−1) and comparable to D-AmB (mean MIC, 0.48 µg ml−1; MIC90, 1 µg ml−1; 97.3 % of MICs were ≤1 µg ml−1). The in vitro activity of D-AmB and L-AmB was correlated (R 2 = 0.61; exp(b), 2.3; 95 % CI, 2.19–2.44, P<0.001). Candida albicans (mean MICs of D-AmB and L-AmB, 0.39 µg ml−1 and 0.31 µg ml−1, respectively) and Candida parapsilosis (mean MICs of D-AmB and L-AmB, 0.38 µg ml−1 and 0.35 µg ml−1, respectively) were the species most susceptible to the agents tested, while Candida krusei (currently named Issatchenkia orientalis) (mean MICs of D-AmB and L-AmB, 1.27 µg ml−1 and 1.13 µg ml−1, respectively) was the least susceptible. The excellent in vitro activity of L-AmB may have important implications for empirical treatment approaches and support its role in treatment of a wide range of invasive infections due to yeasts.

scholarly journals Antifungal Combinations against Simulated Candida albicans Endocardial Vegetations

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 2629-2631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjunath P. Pai
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin B ◽  
In Vitro Effects

ABSTRACT The in vitro effects of flucytosine (5FC), liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB), and micafungin (Mica) combinations against two Candida albicans strains that simulated 24-hour-old endocardial vegetations were studied. Mica was superior to 5FC or L-AmB, and the 5FC-L-AmB-Mica combination was superior to all other treatments for one strain but no different from the dual combination of L-AmB-Mica for the other strain.

scholarly journals Antifungal efficacy of isavuconazole and liposomal amphotericin B in a rabbit model of Exserohilum rostratum meningoencephalitis: A preclinical paradigm for management of CNS phaeohyphomycosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidmantas Petraitis ◽  
Ruta Petraitiene ◽  
Aspasia Katragkou ◽  
Bo Bo Win Maung ◽  
Patriss W Moradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin B ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Amphotericin B Deoxycholate ◽  
Exserohilum Rostratum

Abstract Treatment options for Exserohilum rostratum meningoencephalitis and other causes of phaeohyphomycosis of the central nervous system (CNS) are limited, while mortality and morbidity remain high. We therefore evaluated isavuconazole, a new antifungal triazole in comparison to liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB), in vitro and in the rabbit model of Exserohilum rostratum meningoencephalitis. We hypothesized that isavuconazole alone or in combination with LAMB or micafungin may be alternative options for treatment of CNS phaeohyphomycosis. We therefore investigated the in vitro antifungal activity of isavuconazole alone or in combination with amphotericin B deoxycholate (DAMB) or micafungin and efficacy of treatment with isavuconazole and LAMB in a rabbit model of experimental E. rostratum meningoencephalitis. Combination checkerboard plates were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations, minimal lethal concentrations, fractional inhibitory concentration indices, and Bliss surface analysis of isavuconazole and amphotericin B deoxycholate (DAMB), either alone or in combination. As there were no in vitro synergistic or antagonistic interactions for either combination of antifungal agents against the E. rostratum isolates, in vivo studies were conducted with isavuconazole and LAMB as monotherapies. Rabbits were divided in following groups: treated with isavuconazole at 60 mg/kg/d (ISAV60), LAMB at 5.0 (LAMB5), 7.5 (LAMB7.5), and 10 mg/kg/d (LAMB10), and untreated controls (UC). In ISAV60-, LAMB5-, LAMB7.5-, and LAMB10-treated rabbits, significant reductions of fungal burden of E. rostratum in cerebral, cerebellar, and spinal cord tissues (P &lt; 0.01) were demonstrated in comparison to those of UC. These antifungal effects correlated with significant reduction of CSF (1→3)-β-D-glucan levels vs UC (P &lt; 0.05). These data establish new translational insights into treatment of CNS phaeohyphomycosis.

scholarly journals Liposomal Amphotericin B, and Not Amphotericin B Deoxycholate, Improves Survival of Diabetic Mice Infected with Rhizopus oryzae

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 3343-3344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf S. Ibrahim ◽  
Valentina Avanessian ◽  
Brad Spellberg ◽  
John E. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin B ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Amphotericin B Deoxycholate

ABSTRACT The efficacies of liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) and amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmB) were compared in a diabetic murine model of hematogenously disseminated Rhizopus oryzae infection. At 7.5 mg/kg of body weight twice a day (b.i.d.), LAmB significantly improved overall survival compared to the rates of survival in both untreated control mice (P = 0.001) and mice treated with 0.5 mg of AmB per kg b.i.d. (P = 0.047). These data indicate that high-dose LAmB is more effective than AmB in treating murine disseminated zygomycosis.

Differential effects of amphotericin B and liposomal amphotericin B on inflammatory cells in vitro

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Baronti ◽  
E. Masini ◽  
L. Bacciottini ◽  
P. F. Mannaioni
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin B ◽  
Differential Effects

scholarly journals Plasma Protein Binding of Amphotericin B and Pharmacokinetics of Bound versus Unbound Amphotericin B after Administration of Intravenous Liposomal Amphotericin B (AmBisome) and Amphotericin B Deoxycholate

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 834-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihor Bekersky ◽  
Robert M. Fielding ◽  
Dawna E. Dressler ◽  
Jean W. Lee ◽  
Donald N. Buell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin ◽  
The Body ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin B ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Liposomal Drug ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Unique Composition

ABSTRACT Unilamellar liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) (liposomal AMB) reduces the toxicity of this antifungal drug. The unique composition of liposomal AMB stabilizes the liposomes, producing higher sustained drug levels in plasma and reducing renal and hepatic excretion. When liposomes release their drug payload, unbound, protein-bound, and liposomal drug pools may exist simultaneously in the body. To determine the amounts of drug in these pools, we developed a procedure to measure unbound AMB in human plasma by ultrafiltration and then used it to characterize AMB binding in vitro and to assess the pharmacokinetics of nonliposomal pools of AMB in a phase IV study of liposomal AMB and AMB deoxycholate in healthy subjects. We confirmed that AMB is highly bound (>95%) in human plasma and showed that both human serum albumin and α1-acid glycoprotein contribute to this binding. AMB binding exhibited an unusual concentration dependence in plasma: the percentage of bound drug increased as the AMB concentration increased. This was attributed to the low solubility of AMB in plasma, which limits the unbound drug concentration to <1 μg/ml. Subjects given 2 mg of liposomal AMB/kg of body weight had lower exposures (as measured by the maximum concentration of drug in serum and the area under the concentration-time curve) to both unbound and nonliposomal drug than those receiving 0.6 mg of AMB deoxycholate/kg. Most of the AMB in plasma remained liposome associated (97% at 4 h, 55% at 168 h) after liposomal AMB administration, so that unbound drug concentrations remained at <25 ng/ml in all liposomal AMB-treated subjects. Although liposomal AMB markedly reduces the total urinary and fecal recoveries of AMB, urinary and fecal clearances based on unbound AMB were similar (94 to 121 ml h−1 kg−1) for both formulations. Unbound drug urinary clearances were equal to the glomerular filtration rate, and tubular transit rates were <16% of the urinary excretion rate, suggesting that net filtration of unbound drug, with little secretion or reabsorption, is the mechanism of renal clearance for both conventional and liposomal AMB in humans. Unbound drug fecal clearances were also similar for the two formulations. Thus, liposomal AMB increases total AMB concentrations while decreasing unbound AMB concentrations in plasma as a result of sequestration of the drug in long-circulating liposomes.

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