scholarly journals Increasing antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates in Israel during the period 1984 to 1992.

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ashkenazi ◽  
M May-Zahav ◽  
J Sulkes ◽  
R Zilberberg ◽  
Z Samra
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Shigella Sonnei ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Stool Cultures

Recent (1984 to 1992) trends in the antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates in Israel were studied by analyzing the results of 106,000 stool cultures, 3,511 of which yielded Shigella spp. Over the study period, resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) increased from 59 to 92% (P = 0.0038) and that to ampicillin increased from 13 to 86% (P < 0.0001). Resistances to nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, and broad-spectrum cephalosporins remained low. Shigella sonnei, which currently accounts for 90% of Shigella infections, was more resistant than S. flexneri to TMP-SMX (81 versus 57%, P < 10(-6)), ampicillin (42 versus 32%, P < 10(-5)), and tetracycline (38 versus 28%, P < 10(-5)). S. boydii and S. dysenteriae were relatively rare. Seasonality in antimicrobial resistance was found, with summer isolates being less resistant to TMP-SMX, ampicillin, or both than isolates obtained over the rest of the year (P < 10(-5)). We conclude that the resistance of shigellae, especially S. sonnei, to TMP-SMX and ampicillin is increasing to approximately 90%. Resistance should be recorded locally, and empiric therapy for suspected shigellosis should be changed accordingly.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Shigella sonnei isolates in Korea

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 871-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Yong Seol ◽  
Yong Tae Kim ◽  
Young Sook Jeong ◽  
Jae Young Oh ◽  
Hee Young Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Shigella Sonnei ◽  
Outbreak Period ◽  
R Plasmids

The antimicrobial resistance of 122 Shigella sonnei isolates obtained in Korea during the period 1991–2000 was characterized. These isolates were highly resistant to traditional antibiotics such as trimethoprim (100 %), streptomycin (100 %), sulfamethoxazole (94 %), tetracycline (93 %) and nalidixic acid (90 %). All S. sonnei isolates carried Tn7 in their chromosomes. The 8.4 kb non-transferable resistance (R) plasmid carrying tetA, strA-strB and sul1 was found in 93 % of the S. sonnei isolates. Resistance to nalidixic acid first appeared in a S. sonnei isolate in 1997, and then in all S. sonnei isolates from 1998 and 1999. Resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics such as ampicillin was increased in S. sonnei isolates during the outbreak period 1998–2000. Resistance to ampicillin was mediated by the conjugative R plasmids carrying bla TEM-1. In conclusion, S. sonnei acquired antimicrobial resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics through the horizontal transfer of conjugative R plasmids, while the genetic stability of transposon and non-transferable R plasmids was responsible for resistance to traditional antibiotics.

Antimicrobial Resistance Percentages of Salmonella and Shigella in Seafood Imported to Jordan: Higher Percentages and More Diverse Profiles in Shigella

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad M. Obaidat ◽  
Alaa E. Bani Salman
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Specific

ABSTRACT This study determined the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of human-specific (Shigella spp.) and zoonotic (Salmonella enterica) foodborne pathogens in internationally traded seafood. Sixty-four Salmonella and 61 Shigella isolates were obtained from 330 imported fresh fish samples from Egypt, Yemen, and India. The pathogens were isolated on selective media, confirmed by PCR, and tested for antimicrobial resistance. Approximately 79 and 98% of the Salmonella and Shigella isolates, respectively, exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial, and 8 and 49% exhibited multidrug resistance (resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes). Generally, Salmonella exhibited high resistance to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, cephalothin, streptomycin, and ampicillin; very low resistance to kanamycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and ciprofloxacin; and no resistance to ceftriaxone. Meanwhile, Shigella spp. exhibited high resistance to tetracycline, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, cephalothin, streptomycin, and ampicillin; low resistance to kanamycin, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and ceftriaxone; and very low resistance to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. Salmonella isolates exhibited 14 resistance profiles, Shigella isolates 42. This study is novel in showing that a human-specific pathogen has higher antimicrobial resistance percentages and more diverse profiles than a zoonotic pathogen. Thus, the impact of antimicrobial use in humans is as significant as, if not more significant than, it is in animals in spreading antibiotic resistance through food. This study also demonstrates that locally derived antimicrobial resistance can spread and pose a public health risk worldwide through seafood trade and that high resistance would make a possible outbreak difficult to control. So, capacity building and monitoring harvest water areas are encouraged in fish producing countries.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei in Hong Kong, 1986 to 1995

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiu-wai Chu ◽  
Elizabeth T. S. Houang ◽  
Donald J. Lyon ◽  
Julia M. Ling ◽  
Tak-keung Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Shigella Sonnei ◽  
Nalidixic Acid Resistance

ABSTRACT Three hundred and thirty-three Shigella isolates obtained in 1986 to 1995 were tested for their susceptibilities to 19 antimicrobial agents. Nalidixic acid resistance had emerged in 59.6% of Shigella flexneri isolates during 1994 to 1995, with all tested resistant isolates having the mutation in gyrAencoding the Ser-83 alteration. Multiresistance (resistance to four or more agents) was more common in S. flexneri than inShigella sonnei.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease 2019, Superinfections, and Antimicrobial Development: What Can We Expect?

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2736-2743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius J Clancy ◽  
M Hong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Market Reform ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Institutional Ecology

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) arose at a time of great concern about antimicrobial resistance (AMR). No studies have specifically assessed COVID-19–associated superinfections or AMR. Based on limited data from case series, it is reasonable to anticipate that an appreciable minority of patients with severe COVID-19 will develop superinfections, most commonly pneumonia due to nosocomial bacteria and Aspergillus. Microbiology and AMR patterns are likely to reflect institutional ecology. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial use is likely to be widespread among hospitalized patients, both as directed and empiric therapy. Stewardship will have a crucial role in limiting unnecessary antimicrobial use and AMR. Congressional COVID-19 relief bills are considering antimicrobial reimbursement reforms and antimicrobial subscription models, but it is unclear if these will be included in final legislation. Prospective studies on COVID-19 superinfections are needed, data from which can inform rational antimicrobial treatment and stewardship strategies, and models for market reform and sustainable drug development.

scholarly journals The Role of Aquatic Ecosystems (River Tua, Portugal) as Reservoirs of Multidrug-Resistant Aeromonas spp.

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Sónia Gomes ◽  
Conceição Fernandes ◽  
Sandra Monteiro ◽  
Edna Cabecinha ◽  
Amílcar Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Resistance Rates

The inappropriate use of antibiotics, one of the causes of the high incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria isolated from aquatic ecosystems, represents a risk for aquatic organisms and the welfare of humans. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance rates among riverine Aeromonas spp., taken as representative of the autochthonous microbiota, to evaluate the level of antibacterial resistance in the Tua River (Douro basin). The prevalence and degree of antibiotic resistance was examined using motile aeromonads as a potential indicator of antimicrobial susceptibility for the aquatic environment. Water samples were collected from the middle sector of the river, which is most impacted area by several anthropogenic pressures. Water samples were plated on an Aeromonas-selective agar, with and without antibiotics. The activity of 19 antibiotics was studied against 30 isolates of Aeromonas spp. using the standard agar dilution susceptibility test. Antibiotic resistance rates were fosfomycin (FOS) 83.33%, nalidixic acid (NA) 60%, cefotaxime (CTX) 40%, gentamicin (CN) 26.67%, tobramycin (TOB) 26.67%, cotrimoxazole (SXT) 26.67%, chloramphenicol (C) 16.67%, and tetracycline (TE) 13.33%. Some of the nalidixic acid-resistant strains were susceptible to fluoroquinolones. Multiple resistance was also observed (83.33%). The environmental ubiquity, the natural susceptibility to antimicrobials and the zoonotic potential of Aeromonas spp. make them optimal candidates for studying antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic environments may provide an ideal setting for the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance because anthropogenic activities frequently impact them. The potential risk of multi- and pan-resistant bacteria transmission between animals and humans should be considered in a “One Health—One World” concept.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Shigella sonnei Isolates in Japan and Molecular Analysis of S. sonnei Isolates with Reduced Susceptibility to Fluoroquinolones

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1203-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Hirose ◽  
Jun Terajima ◽  
Hidemasa Izumiya ◽  
Kazumichi Tamura ◽  
Eiji Arakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Shigella Sonnei ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT We performed susceptibility testing with Shigella sonnei isolates from imported and domestic cases of infection in Japan during 2001 and 2002. Some S. sonnei isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Most of the nalidixic acid-resistant strains showed reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones but did not show fluoroquinolone resistance.

scholarly journals Frequency of serovars and antimicrobial resistance in Shigella spp. from Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Peirano ◽  
Flávia dos Santos Souza ◽  
Dalia dos Prazeres Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Shigella Spp
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