Antimicrobial Resistance in Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei in Hong Kong, 1986 to 1995

ABSTRACT Three hundred and thirty-three Shigella isolates obtained in 1986 to 1995 were tested for their susceptibilities to 19 antimicrobial agents. Nalidixic acid resistance had emerged in 59.6% of Shigella flexneri isolates during 1994 to 1995, with all tested resistant isolates having the mutation in gyrAencoding the Ser-83 alteration. Multiresistance (resistance to four or more agents) was more common in S. flexneri than inShigella sonnei.

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Similarities between Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from humans and captive wild animals in South Africa

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.5393 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 1615-1619 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anthony Marius Smith ◽

Husna Ismail ◽

Maryke M Henton ◽

Karen H Keddy ◽

GERMS-SA Surveillance Network

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Acid Resistance ◽

Diarrhoeal Disease ◽

Common Source ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Animal Isolates ◽

Nalidixic Acid Resistance

Introduction: Salmonella is well recognized as an aetiological agent of gastrointestinal and diarrhoeal disease. Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis) is one of the commonest serotypes associated with foodborne illness. In South Africa, we compared Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from humans with gastroenteritis and strains isolated from captive wild animals, between June 2011 and July 2012. Methodology: Bacteria were phenotypically characterized using standard microbiological techniques. Genotypic relatedness of isolates was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Results: a diversity of 27 PFGE patterns amongst 196 human non-invasive isolates was shown; two PFGE patterns predominated and accounted for 74% of all human isolates. Human isolates showed a 12% prevalence rate for nalidixic acid resistance. Animal isolates from 5 different sources were investigated. With the exception of an isolate from a ground hornbill, all animal isolates (jaguar, crocodile, lion and poultry) showed PFGE pattern matches to a human isolate. Animal isolates showed susceptibility to all antimicrobial agents tested, with the exception of nalidixic acid resistance in isolates from the lion and poultry source. Conclusions: Our data showed similarities between Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from humans and captive wild animals, suggesting a probable common source for strains from humans and animals.

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Transferable high-level trimethoprim resistance among isolates ofEscherichia colifrom urinary tract infections in Ontario, Canada

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800050469 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 109 (3) ◽

pp. 473-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

N. Harnett

Keyword(s):

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Acid Resistance ◽

The Public ◽

E Coli ◽

High Level ◽

Tract Infections ◽

K 12 ◽

Level Resistance ◽

Nalidixic Acid Resistance

SUMMARYOf 1171 isolates ofEscherichia coliisolated from urine samples at the Public Health Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, between May 1990 and December 1991, 120 (10·3%) were resistant to trimethoprim (TMP), cotrimoxazole (TMP/SMX), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and other antimicrobial agents; 110 of the 120 isolates (91·7%) were resistant to four or more agents. The majority of resistant isolates (91·7%) exhibited high-level resistance (MIC > 1000 mg/L) to TMP. The MIC of TMP/SMX for all 120 isolates was > 2·0/38·0 mg/L and for SMX > 1024 mg/L. High-level resistances were also present among the β-lactam antimicrobials with MICs ranging from 16- > 256 mg/L. Forty-three of 120 TMP-resistant (35·8%) isolates conjugally transferred TMP-resistance toE. coliK-12. Co-transfer of several other resistances was observed. SMX cotransferred from 86% of the 43 donors and β-lactams together with SMX cotransferred from 70%. Nalidixic acid resistance was present among 22 (18·3%) of the 120 resistant isolates, however, nalidixic acid resistance was not transferred toE. coliK-12.

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Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates from poultry offals

Medycyna Weterynaryjna ◽

10.21521/mw.5770 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 73 (9) ◽

pp. 561-566

Author(s):

Beata Wysok ◽

Joanna Wojtacka ◽

Agnieszka Wiszniewska – Łaszczych ◽

Joanna Szteyn ◽

Małgorzata Gomółka–Pawlicka

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Acid Resistance ◽

Coli Strain ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Species Analysis ◽

By Products ◽

Nalidixic Acid Resistance

The aim of the study was to determine the presence of Campylobacter strains in poultry by-products and define antimicrobial resistance of isolates. In total, 400 samples were tested among which 300 included the liver, heart and stomach, and 100 samples represented the contents of the cecum. The samples were taken from chickens and turkeys in the slaughterhouse after evisceration. The prevalence of Campylobacter in chicken samples was 100% with regards to the contents of cecum and offal. The turkey origin Campylobacter strains were noted in 76% of the livers, 78% hearts and 82% gizzards. The samples of cecum contents were positive in 60%. Species analysis of the strains isolated showed C. jejuni as dominant. The estimation of sensitivity to antibiotics showed that Campylobacter strains were most frequently resistant to quinolones and tetracyclines. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected among 52.7% and 52.5% chicken and turkey origin strains. The same was noted regarding nalidixic acid, resistance to which was shown in 56% and 58.5% isolates, respectively. Regarding tetracyclines, the highest resistance of the strains from chicken and turkey was detected to doxycyclinum in 61.3% and 53.3% of isolates, respectively. However the highest sensitivity was showed to erythromycin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol. Only one C. coli strain from turkey offal was resistant to gentamicin. Simultaneously multi drug resistance was defined. The aimed studies showed that 62% of C. jejuni and 53.8% of C. coli strains from chicken offal were resistant to two or more agents. In turkey origin isolates MDR was detected in 54.7% of C. jejuni and 53.3% of C. coli strains.

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Epidemiology of Nalidixic Acid Resistance and TEM-1- and TEM-52-Mediated Ampicillin Resistance of Shigella sonnei Isolates Obtained in Korea between 1980 and 2000

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.47.12.3719-3723.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 47 (12) ◽

pp. 3719-3723 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Young Sook Jeong ◽

Je Chul Lee ◽

Hee Young Kang ◽

Hak Sun Yu ◽

Eun Young Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Acid Resistance ◽

Shigella Sonnei ◽

Ampicillin Resistance ◽

Selective Pressures ◽

R Plasmids ◽

Nalidixic Acid Resistance ◽

Restriction Fragment Length

ABSTRACT The resistance to ampicillin and nalidixic acid in Shigella sonnei isolates obtained in Korea during the period 1998 to 2000 was characterized. Recently (J. Y. Oh, H. S. Yu, S. K. Kim, S. Y. Seol, D. T. Cho, and J. C. Lee, J. Clin. Microbiol. 41:421-423, 2003) ampicillin and nalidixic acid resistance was found in 49 and 70%, respectively, of the 67 S. sonnei isolates obtained during this period. We analyzed 138 S. sonnei isolates collected during the same period. Ampicillin and nalidixic acid resistance was found in 30 and 86% of the isolates, respectively. The ampicillin resistance was mediated by a TEM-1β -lactamase, and TEM-52 extended-spectrum β-lactamase was identified in one sporadic S. sonnei isolate from 1999. bla TEM-1 and bla TEM-52 were located in conjugative R-plasmids. Tn3 was detected in 41% of the ampicillin-resistant isolates. The R-plasmids from the transconjugants that transferred resistance to ampicillin exhibited different restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns, and a bla TEM-1 probe was hybridized with the different fragments. The nalidixic acid resistance was exclusively associated with an amino acid substitution, Ser83→Leu (TCG→TTG), in gyrA. These findings indicate that the genetically related S. sonnei strains readily acquire resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole but not nalidixic acid through conjugative R-plasmids from difference sources when confronted by antibiotic selective pressures.

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Susceptibility to patterns of ciprofloxacin among nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella isolates collected in Banepa, Nepal from enteric fever patients

Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale ◽

10.4081/jbr.2016.5527 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Girija Roka ◽

Subash Pandaya ◽

Md. Reyad-ul Ferdous ◽

Manson Pandey ◽

Naba Raj Pokhrel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Enteric Fever ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Acid Resistance ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽

Broth Dilution ◽

Nalidixic Acid Resistance

The present study determined the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin of nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella (NARS) isolated from enteric fever patients at Scheer Memorial Hospital, Banepa, Nepal, from June 2012 to December 2012. The antimicrobial sensitivity to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was determined using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and broth dilution method according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Salmonella was isolated from 34 out of 992 (3.43%) blood cultures collected during the study period, and 10 (29.4%) isolates were identified as Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, while 24 (70.6%) were identified as Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi. Out of the total isolates, 31 (91.2%) were nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella (NARS). Among NARS, the minimum inhibitory concentration values for ciprofloxacin ranged from 0.25 to 2 mg/L and were constantly higher than those shown by the nalidixic acid-susceptible Salmonella. Therefore, in typhoid Salmonella nalidixic acid resistance may be the indicator of decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

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Increasing antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates in Israel during the period 1984 to 1992.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.39.4.819 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 819-823 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

S Ashkenazi ◽

M May-Zahav ◽

J Sulkes ◽

R Zilberberg ◽

Z Samra

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Empiric Therapy ◽

Shigella Sonnei ◽

Shigella Spp ◽

Stool Cultures

Recent (1984 to 1992) trends in the antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates in Israel were studied by analyzing the results of 106,000 stool cultures, 3,511 of which yielded Shigella spp. Over the study period, resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) increased from 59 to 92% (P = 0.0038) and that to ampicillin increased from 13 to 86% (P < 0.0001). Resistances to nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, and broad-spectrum cephalosporins remained low. Shigella sonnei, which currently accounts for 90% of Shigella infections, was more resistant than S. flexneri to TMP-SMX (81 versus 57%, P < 10(-6)), ampicillin (42 versus 32%, P < 10(-5)), and tetracycline (38 versus 28%, P < 10(-5)). S. boydii and S. dysenteriae were relatively rare. Seasonality in antimicrobial resistance was found, with summer isolates being less resistant to TMP-SMX, ampicillin, or both than isolates obtained over the rest of the year (P < 10(-5)). We conclude that the resistance of shigellae, especially S. sonnei, to TMP-SMX and ampicillin is increasing to approximately 90%. Resistance should be recorded locally, and empiric therapy for suspected shigellosis should be changed accordingly.

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