scholarly journals Quinupristin-Dalfopristin Resistance among Gram-Positive Bacteria in Taiwan

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 3374-3380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwen-Tay Luh ◽  
Po-Ren Hsueh ◽  
Lee-Jene Teng ◽  
Hui-Ju Pan ◽  
Yu-Chi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Viridans Group Streptococci

ABSTRACT To understand quinupristin-dalfopristin resistance among clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria in Taiwan, where this agent is not yet available for clinical use, we evaluated 1,287 nonduplicate isolates recovered from January 1996 to December 1999 for in vitro susceptibility to quinupristin-dalfopristin and other newer antimicrobial agents. All methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates were susceptible to quinupristin-dalfopristin. High rates of nonsusceptibility to quinupristin-dalfopristin (MICs, ≥2 μg/ml) were demonstrated for the following organisms: methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (31%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (16%),Streptococcus pneumoniae (8%), viridans group streptococci (51%), vancomycin-susceptible enterococci (85%), vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus faecalis (100%), vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus faecium (66%), Leuconostoc spp. (100%), Lactobacillus spp. (50%), andPediococcus spp. (87%). All isolates of MSSA, MRSA,S. pneumoniae, and viridans group streptococci were susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin. The rates of nonsusceptibility to vancomycin and teicoplanin were 5 and 7%, respectively, for CoNS, ranging from 12 and 18% for S. simulans to 0 and 0% for S. cohnii and S. auricularis. Moxifloxacin and trovafloxacin had good activities against these isolates except for ciprofloxacin-resistant vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant staphylococci. In Taiwan, virginiamycin has been used in animal husbandry for more than 20 years, which may contribute to the high rates of quinupristin-dalfopristin resistance.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of DA-7867, a New Oxazolidinone, against Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacteria

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 2498-2500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Jeong Yoon ◽  
Yeong Woo Jo ◽  
Sung Hak Choi ◽  
Tae Ho Lee ◽  
Jae Keol Rhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Infection Models ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT In vitro and in vivo activities of DA-7867 were assessed against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. All isolates were inhibited by DA-7867 at ≤0.78 μg/ml, a four-times-lower concentration than that of inhibition by linezolid. For murine infection models, DA-7867 also exhibited greater efficacy than linezolid against all isolates tested.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of ME1036 (CP5609), a Novel Parenteral Carbapenem, against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 2831-2837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuyo Kurazono ◽  
Takashi Ida ◽  
Keiko Yamada ◽  
Yoko Hirai ◽  
Takahisa Maruyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACT ME1036, formerly CP5609, is a novel parenteral carbapenem with a 7-acylated imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-2-yl group directly attached to the carbapenem moiety of the C-2 position. The present study evaluated the in vitro activities of ME1036 against clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. ME1036 displayed broad activity against aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Unlike other marketed β-lactam antibiotics, ME1036 maintained excellent activity against multiple-drug-resistant gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant staphylococci and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP). The MICs of this compound at which 90% of isolates were inhibited were 2 μg/ml for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 2 μg/ml for methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, and 0.031 μg/ml for PRSP. In time-kill studies with six strains of MRSA, ME1036 at four times the MIC caused a time-dependent decrease in the numbers of viable MRSA cells. The activity of ME1036 against MRSA is related to its high affinity for penicillin-binding protein 2a, for which the 50% inhibitory concentration of ME1036 was approximately 300-fold lower than that of imipenem. In conclusion, ME1036 demonstrated a broad antibacterial spectrum and high levels of activity in vitro against staphylococci, including β-lactam-resistant strains.

scholarly journals In vitro properties of antimicrobial bromotyrosine alkaloids

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neora Pick ◽  
Mamta Rawat ◽  
Dorit Arad ◽  
Jiong Lan ◽  
Junfa Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Lead Compound ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Monocytes And Macrophages ◽  
Natural Inhibitor ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

A bromotyrosine alkaloid family of antimicrobial agents was synthesized using the known structure of a natural inhibitor of the mycobacterial mycothiol S-conjugate amidase (MCA) as a template. This series of compounds represents a novel class of anti-infective agents against Gram-positive pathogens, including mycobacteria and meticillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The fact that these compounds are active against mycobacterial strains in which the MCA gene is deleted and against Gram-positive bacteria lacking mycothiol suggests the existence of an alternative target for these compounds. One member of this family, EXEG1706, was identified as the lead compound possessing low MICs (2·5–25 μg ml−1) for several clinical isolates, whilst having low toxicity for THP-1 monocytes and macrophages.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of a Novel Cephalosporin, BMS-247243, against Organisms other than Staphylococci

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1108-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junius Clark ◽  
Joan C. Fung-Tomc ◽  
Beatrice Minassian ◽  
Yuan-Hwang Tsai ◽  
Hyekyung Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT BMS-247243, a novel cephalosporin inhibitory for methicillin-resistant staphylococci, primarily has activity against gram-positive bacteria. The activities of BMS-247243, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone against streptococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae were similar. BMS-247243 inhibits Enterococcus faecalis but not Enterococcus faecium. BMS-247243 also inhibits many inherently vancomycin-resistant species (Leuconstoc, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus) and anaerobic gram-positive bacteria.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Properties of MX-2401, an Expanded-Spectrum Lipopeptide Active in the Presence of Lung Surfactant

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 3720-3728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Dugourd ◽  
Haiyan Yang ◽  
Melissa Elliott ◽  
Raymond Siu ◽  
Jacob J. Clement ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Surfactant ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Lipopeptide Antibiotic ◽  
Hospital Acquired

ABSTRACTMX-2401 is an expanded-spectrum lipopeptide antibiotic selective for Gram-positive bacteria that is a semisynthetic analog of the naturally occurring lipopeptide amphomycin. It was active againstEnterococcusspp., including vancomycin-sensitiveEnterococcus(VSE),vanA-,vanB-, andvanC-positive vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus(VRE), linezolid- and quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant isolates (MIC90of 4 μg/ml), methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and methicillin-sensitiveS. aureus(MSSA) (MIC90of 2 μg/ml), coagulase-negative staphylococci, including methicillin-sensitiveStaphylococcus epidermidis(MSSE) and methicillin-resistantS. epidermidis(MRSE) (MIC90of 2 μg/ml), andStreptococcusspp. including viridans group streptococci, and penicillin-resistant, penicillin-sensitive, penicillin-intermediate and macrolide-resistant isolates ofStreptococcus pneumoniae(MIC90of 2 μg/ml). MX-2401 demonstrated a dose-dependent postantibiotic effect varying from 1.5 to 2.4 h. Furthermore, MX-2401 was rapidly bactericidal at 4 times the MIC againstS. aureusandEnterococcus faecalis, with more than 99.9% reduction in viable bacterial attained at 4 and 24 h, respectively. The MICs of MX-2401 against MRSA, MSSA, VSE, and VRE strains serially exposed for 15 passages to sub- to supra-MICs of MX-2401 remained within three dilutions of the original MIC. In contrast to that of the lipopeptide daptomycin, the antibacterial activity of MX-2401 was not affectedin vitroby the presence of lung surfactant, and MX-2401 was activein vivoin the bronchial-alveolar pneumonia mouse model, in which daptomycin failed to show any activity. Moreover, the activity of MX-2401 was not as strongly dependent on the Ca2+concentration as is the activity of daptomycin. In conclusion, MX-2401 is a promising new-generation lipopeptide for the treatment of serious infections with Gram-positive bacteria, including hospital-acquired pneumonia.

scholarly journals Comparative in vitro activities of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against 445 gram-positive isolates from patients with endocarditis and those with other bloodstream infections.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1146-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
H P Endtz ◽  
J W Mouton ◽  
J G den Hollander ◽  
N van den Braak ◽  
H A Verbrugh
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Viridans Group Streptococci

The in vitro activity of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219), a new fluoroquinolone, was compared with the in vitro activities of other commonly used quinolones and other antimicrobial agents against 445 gram-positive microorganisms isolated between 1986 and 1995 from patients with endocarditis and those with other bloodstream infections. The MICs at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited (MIC90) of trovafloxacin for methicillin-susceptible staphylococci, viridans group streptococci, and enterococci were 0.06, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/liter, respectively. The MIC90 of trovafloxacin for vancomycin-resistant enterococci as well as for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible and ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus, isolated from sources other than blood, was 1 mg/liter. For the quinolones the rank order of activity was trovafloxacin > sparfloxacin > ciprofloxacin = ofloxacin > pefloxacin. Depending on the species tested, trovafloxacin was 4- to 64-fold more active than ciprofloxacin. Further experimental and in vivo studies are warranted to evaluate the efficacy of trovafloxacin in the treatment of bacterial endocarditis and other infections caused by gram-positive organisms.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Cephalosporin RWJ-54428 (MC-02479) against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Cocci

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan P. Johnson ◽  
Marina Warner ◽  
Michael Carter ◽  
David M. Livermore
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Group A ◽  
Viridans Group Streptococci ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

ABSTRACT RWJ-54428 (MC-02479) is a novel cephalosporin that binds to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) PBP 2′ (PBP 2a) of methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Its in vitro activity was assessed against 472 gram-positive cocci, largely selected as epidemiologically unrelated isolates with multidrug resistance. The MIC at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (MIC50) and MIC90 of RWJ-54428 for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were 1 and 2 μg/ml, respectively, whereas they were 0.5 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively, for methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. The MIC50 and MIC90 were 1 and 4 μg/ml, respectively, for methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS), whereas they were 0.25 and 1 μg/ml, respectively, for methicillin-susceptible isolates. The highest MICs for MRSA and MRCoNS isolates were 2 and 4 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC50 and MIC90 of RWJ-54428 for Enterococcus faecalis were 0.5 and 1 μg/ml, respectively, but they were 4 and 8 μg/ml, respectively, for Enterococcus faecium. For penicillin-susceptible, -intermediate, and -resistant pneumococci, the MIC90s of RWJ-54428 were 0.03, 0.25, and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively, with the highest MIC for a pneumococcus being 1 μg/ml, recorded for a strain for which penicillin and cefotaxime MICs were 8 and 4 μg/ml. MICs for Lancefield group A, B, C, and G streptococci were ≤0.008 μg/ml; those for viridans group streptococci, including isolates not susceptible to penicillin, were from 0.015 to 0.5 μg/ml. RWJ-54428 did not select resistant mutants of MRSA or enterococci in challenge experiments and has the potential to be useful for the treatment of infections caused by gram-positive cocci.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of a New Ketolide, ABT-773, against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Cocci

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 3640-3643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavindra V. Singh ◽  
Kumthorn Malathum ◽  
Barbara E. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of ABT-773 were evaluated against 324 strains of gram-positive bacteria, including multidrug-resistantStaphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. ABT-773 had lower MIC ranges, MICs at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (MIC50s), and MIC90s than erythromycin or clindamycin for almost all isolates tested. The MICs of ABT-773 were also lower than those of quinupristin-dalfopristin (Q-D) for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus,Rhodococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp., while the MICs of Q-D were lower than those of ABT-773 for methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Enterococcus faecium, including vancomycin-resistant isolates.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Linezolid against Important Gram-Positive Bacterial Pathogens Including Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 2059-2062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Noskin ◽  
Farida Siddiqui ◽  
Valentina Stosor ◽  
Donna Hacek ◽  
Lance R. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
New Class ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

ABSTRACT The emergence of resistance in gram-positive bacteria has necessitated a search for new antimicrobial agents. Linezolid is an oxazolidinone, a new class of antibacterial agents with enhanced activity against pathogens. We compared the activity of linezolid to those of other antimicrobial agents against 3,945 clinical isolates. Linezolid demonstrated potent activity against all isolates tested. For all vancomycin-susceptible enterococci, staphylococci, and streptococci, the activity of linezolid was comparable to that of vancomycin. Against oxacillin-resistant staphylococci and vancomycin-resistant enterococci, linezolid was the most active agent tested. In summary, linezolid appears to be a promising new antimicrobial agent for the treatment of gram-positive infections.

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