scholarly journals Early Bactericidal Activity of Moxifloxacin in Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: a Prospective, Randomized Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias W. R. Pletz ◽  
Andres De Roux ◽  
Andreas Roth ◽  
Karl-Heinz Neumann ◽  
Harald Mauch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Prospective Randomized Study ◽  
Bactericidal Activities

ABSTRACT Moxifloxacin is the most active fluoroquinolone against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. However, data about the efficacy in patients are not available. We enrolled 17 patients with tuberculosis in a prospective, randomized study. After 5 days of monotherapy with either moxifloxacin or isoniazid, we detected significant decreases in mean CFU per milliliter in sputum in both groups. The calculated early bactericidal activities for isoniazid and moxifloxacin were 0.209 and 0.273 log10 CFU per ml of sputum per day, respectively. According to the data from our study, moxifloxacin exhibits an early bactericidal activity that is comparable to that of isoniazid.

How many embryos should be transferred in in vitro fertilization? A prospective randomized study

1994 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danièle Vauthier-Brouzes ◽  
Gilles Lefebvre ◽  
Sylvie Lesourd ◽  
Jacques Gonzales ◽  
Yves Darbois
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Prospective Randomized Study ◽  
Vitro Fertilization

scholarly journals Early Bactericidal Activity and Pharmacokinetics of the Diarylquinoline TMC207 in Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 2831-2835 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rustomjee ◽  
A. H. Diacon ◽  
J. Allen ◽  
A. Venter ◽  
C. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
First Line ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

ABSTRACT Tibotec Medicinal Compound 207 (TMC207) is a novel diarylquinoline with a unique mode of action that targets mycobacterial ATP synthase. TMC207 exhibits high in vitro activity against mycobacterial strains either susceptible or resistant to all first-line and many second-line drugs, including fluoroquinolones, and has shown exceptional in vivo activity against several mycobacterial species in different animal models. In this early bactericidal activity study, 75 treatment-naïve patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were randomized to once-daily oral TMC207 (25 mg, 100 mg, or 400 mg), 600 mg rifampin (RIF), or 300 mg isoniazid (INH) for 7 days. Sixteen-hour overnight sputum collected at baseline and on each treatment day was plated in serial dilutions on selective agar plates. The bactericidal activity was expressed as the log10 decrease in CFU/ml sputum/day. Pharmacokinetic sampling was performed on day 7 of TMC207 administration up to 24 h postdose. The decreases in log10 CFU counts (± standard deviation) from baseline to day 7 were 0.04 ± 0.46 for 25 mg TMC207 (n = 14), 0.26 ± 0.64 for 100 mg TMC207 (n = 14), 0.77 ± 0.58 for 400 mg TMC207 (n = 14), 1.88 ± 0.74 for INH (n = 11), and 1.70 ± 0.71 for RIF (n = 14). Significant bactericidal activity of 400 mg TMC207 was observed from day 4 onward and was similar in magnitude to those of INH and RIF over the same period. The pharmacokinetics of TMC207 were linear across the dose range. In summary, TMC207 demonstrated bactericidal activity with a delayed onset and was well tolerated, and no study drug-related serious adverse events occurred.

Autologous embryo–cumulus cells co-culture and blastocyst transfer in repeated implantation failures: a collaborative prospective randomized study

Zygote ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Benkhalifa ◽  
A. Demirol ◽  
T. Sari ◽  
E. Balashova ◽  
M. Tsouroupaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Cumulus Cell ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Prospective Randomized Study ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Feeder Cells ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Significant Difference

SummaryIn repeated implantation failure, the co-culture of human embryos with somatic cells has been reported to promote the improvement of embryos quality, implantation and pregnancy rate. It was reported that feeder cells can be more beneficial to the oocyte and embryo by detoxifying the culture medium and supporting embryo development via different pathways. In this study, 432 patients, each with a minimum of three repeated implantation failures, were accepted for a prospective randomized study with or without autologous cumulus cell embryo co-culture and transfer at day 3 or day 5–6. We also investigated the expression of leukaemia inhibitor factor (LIF) and platelet activating factor receptor (PAF-R) on day 3 confluent cumulus cells. The statistic analysis of the data showed significant difference of implantation and clinical pregnancy rates between classical culture and day 3 compared with co-culture and day 5–6 transfer. The molecular analysis showed that cumulus cells express the LIF and the PAF-R genes and confirmed the possible positive role of growth factors and cytokines in early embryo development. Embryo co-culture systems with autologous cells can be beneficial in routine in vitro fertilization for embryo selection and implantation improvement. More molecular investigations need to be done to improve elucidation of the complex dialogue between the embryo and feeder cells prior to implantation and to understand the involved biological function and molecular process during embryo development.

scholarly journals Bactericidal Action of Gatifloxacin, Rifampin, and Isoniazid on Logarithmic- and Stationary-Phase Cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Paramasivan ◽  
S. Sulochana ◽  
G. Kubendiran ◽  
P. Venkatesan ◽  
D. A. Mitchison
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Action ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Stationary Phase Culture ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Phase Culture ◽  
Bactericidal Activities ◽  
Strain H37rv

ABSTRACT The bactericidal activity of gatifloxacin, alone and in combination with isoniazid and rifampin, was studied on both exponential- and stationary-phase cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv. On log-phase cultures, the bactericidal activity of gatifloxacin at 4 μg/ml was rapid and was very similar to that of isoniazid. At concentrations of 0.25 and 4 μg/ml, gatifloxacin enhanced the activity of isoniazid. Killing of the stationary-phase culture was biphasic. During the first 2 days, gatifloxacin at 4 μg/ml slightly increased the limited bactericidal activities of isoniazid and rifampin. However, no further additional bactericidal activity was found during further incubation with isoniazid alone or when gatifloxacin was added to either isoniazid or rifampin. This suggested that the stationary-phase culture contained a mixture of occasionally dividing bacilli that were killed during the first 2 days and true static persisters in the residual population that mimicked those in human lesions. In view of the failure of gatifloxacin to add to the sterilizing activity of isoniazid or rifampin during days 2 to 6 of exposure in the stationary-phase culture, it is unlikely to be a sterilizing drug that can be used to shorten the duration of treatment appreciably when it is added to present treatment regimens.

scholarly journals Attenuated Vancomycin Bactericidal Activity against Staphylococcus aureus hemB Mutants Expressing the Small-Colony-Variant Phenotype

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1533-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian T. Tsuji ◽  
Christof von Eiff ◽  
Pamela A. Kelchlin ◽  
Alan Forrest ◽  
Patrick F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Model ◽  
Small Colony Variant ◽  
Variant Phenotype ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Bactericidal Activities

ABSTRACT The in vitro bactericidal activities of vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus hemB mutants displaying the small-colony-variant phenotype and their parental strains were evaluated. Vancomycin killing activities against hemB mutants were markedly attenuated, demonstrating approximately 50% less effect, a result which was well described by a Hill-type pharmacodynamic model.

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