scholarly journals Microbial Production of Glyceric Acid, an Organic Acid That Can Be Mass Produced from Glycerol

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (24) ◽  
pp. 7760-7766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Habe ◽  
Yuko Shimada ◽  
Toshiharu Yakushi ◽  
Hiromi Hattori ◽  
Yoshitaka Ano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Enantiomeric Excess ◽  
Gluconobacter Oxydans ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Glyceric Acid ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biotechnological Production

ABSTRACT Glyceric acid (GA), an unfamiliar biotechnological product, is currently produced as a small by-product of dihydroxyacetone production from glycerol by Gluconobacter oxydans. We developed a method for the efficient biotechnological production of GA as a target compound for new surplus glycerol applications in the biodiesel and oleochemical industries. We investigated the ability of 162 acetic acid bacterial strains to produce GA from glycerol and found that the patterns of productivity and enantiomeric GA compositions obtained from several strains differed significantly. The growth parameters of two different strain types, Gluconobacter frateurii NBRC103465 and Acetobacter tropicalis NBRC16470, were optimized using a jar fermentor. G. frateurii accumulated 136.5 g/liter of GA with a 72% d-GA enantiomeric excess (ee) in the culture broth, whereas A. tropicalis produced 101.8 g/liter of d-GA with a 99% ee. The 136.5 g/liter of glycerate in the culture broth was concentrated to 236.5 g/liter by desalting electrodialysis during the 140-min operating time, and then, from 50 ml of the concentrated solution, 9.35 g of GA calcium salt was obtained by crystallization. Gene disruption analysis using G. oxydans IFO12528 revealed that the membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase (mADH)-encoding gene (adhA) is required for GA production, and purified mADH from G. oxydans IFO12528 catalyzed the oxidation of glycerol. These results strongly suggest that mADH is involved in GA production by acetic acid bacteria. We propose that GA is potentially mass producible from glycerol feedstock by a biotechnological process.

scholarly journals Gluconobacter aidae sp. nov., an acetic acid bacteria isolated from tropical fruits in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 4351-4357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattaraporn Yukphan ◽  
Piyanat Charoenyingcharoen ◽  
Sukunphat Malimas ◽  
Yuki Muramatsu ◽  
Yasuyoshi Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Gluconobacter Oxydans ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Independent Species

Two bacterial strains, isolates AC10T and AC20, which were reported in a previous study on the diversity of acetic acid bacteria in Thailand, were subjected to a taxonomic study. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the two isolates were located closely to the type strains of Gluconobacter oxydans and Gluconobacter roseus . However, the two isolates formed a separate cluster from the type strains of the two species. The genomic DNA of isolate AC10T was sequenced. The assembled genomes of the isolate were analysed for average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH). The results showed that the highest ANI and dDDH values between isolate AC10T and G. oxydans DSM 3503T were 91.15 and 68.2 %, which are lower than the suggested values for species delineation. The genome-based tree was reconstructed and the phylogenetic lineage based on genome sequences showed that the lineage of isolate AC10T was distinct from G. oxydans DSM 3503T and its related species. The two isolates were distinguished from G. oxydans and their relatives by their phenotypic characteristics and MALDI-TOF profiles. Therefore, the two isolates, AC10T (=BCC 15749T=TBRC 11329T=NBRC 103576T) and AC20 (=BCC 15759=TBRC 11330=NBRC 103579), can be assigned to an independent species within the genus Gluconobacter , and the name Gluconobacter aidae sp. nov. is proposed for the two isolates.

Biotechnological production of cellulose by acetic acid bacteria: current state and perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (16) ◽  
pp. 6885-6898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gullo ◽  
Salvatore La China ◽  
Pasquale Massimiliano Falcone ◽  
Paolo Giudici
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Current State

scholarly journals A tunable l-arabinose-inducible expression plasmid for the acetic acid bacterium Gluconobacter oxydans

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (21) ◽  
pp. 9267-9282
Author(s):  
Philipp Moritz Fricke ◽  
Tobias Link ◽  
Jochem Gätgens ◽  
Christiane Sonntag ◽  
Maike Otto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Glucose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Gluconobacter Oxydans ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacterium ◽  
Basal Expression ◽  
Fold Induction ◽  
Membrane Bound

Abstract The acetic acid bacterium (AAB) Gluconobacter oxydans incompletely oxidizes a wide variety of carbohydrates and is therefore used industrially for oxidative biotransformations. For G. oxydans, no system was available that allows regulatable plasmid-based expression. We found that the l-arabinose-inducible PBAD promoter and the transcriptional regulator AraC from Escherichia coli MC4100 performed very well in G. oxydans. The respective pBBR1-based plasmids showed very low basal expression of the reporters β-glucuronidase and mNeonGreen, up to 480-fold induction with 1% l-arabinose, and tunability from 0.1 to 1% l-arabinose. In G. oxydans 621H, l-arabinose was oxidized by the membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase, which is absent in the multi-deletion strain BP.6. Nevertheless, AraC-PBAD performed similar in both strains in the exponential phase, indicating that a gene knockout is not required for application of AraC-PBAD in wild-type G. oxydans strains. However, the oxidation product arabinonic acid strongly contributed to the acidification of the growth medium in 621H cultures during the stationary phase, which resulted in drastically decreased reporter activities in 621H (pH 3.3) but not in BP.6 cultures (pH 4.4). These activities could be strongly increased quickly solely by incubating stationary cells in d-mannitol-free medium adjusted to pH 6, indicating that the reporters were hardly degraded yet rather became inactive. In a pH-controlled bioreactor, these reporter activities remained high in the stationary phase (pH 6). Finally, we created a multiple cloning vector with araC-PBAD based on pBBR1MCS-5. Together, we demonstrated superior functionality and good tunability of an AraC-PBAD system in G. oxydans that could possibly also be used in other AAB. Key points • We found the AraC-PBADsystem from E. coli MC4100 was well tunable in G. oxydans. •  In the absence of AraC orl-arabinose, expression from PBADwas extremely low. • This araC-PBADsystem could also be fully functional in other acetic acid bacteria.

scholarly journals Saccharibacter floricola gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel osmophilic acetic acid bacterium isolated from pollen

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 2263-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuko Jojima ◽  
Yasuhiro Mihara ◽  
Sonoko Suzuki ◽  
Kenzo Yokozeki ◽  
Shigeru Yamanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacterium ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Novel Genus And Species ◽  
Straight Chain Acid

Three Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterial strains were isolated, from the pollen of Japanese flowers, as producers of xylitol; these strains were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that these three isolates formed a new cluster within a group of acetic acid bacteria in the α-Proteobacteria. The characteristics of the three isolates were as follows: (i) their predominant quinone was Q-10; (ii) their cellular fatty acid profile contained major amounts of 2-hydroxy acids and an unsaturated straight-chain acid (C18 : 1 ω7c); and (iii) their DNA G+C contents were in the range 51·9–52·3 mol%, which is around the lower limit of the reported range for the genera of acetic acid bacteria. The negligible or very weak productivity of acetic acid from ethanol and the osmophilic growth properties distinguished these strains from other acetic acid bacteria. The unique phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics suggest that the three isolates should be classified within a novel genus and species with the proposed name Saccharibacter floricola gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is strain S-877T (=AJ 13480T=JCM 12116T=DSM 15669T).

scholarly journals Isolation of dihydroxyacetone-producing acetic acid bacteria in Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Huong Thi Lan Vu ◽  
Oanh Thi Kim Nguyen ◽  
Van Thi Thu Bui ◽  
Uyen Thi Tu Bui ◽  
Nghiep Dai Ngo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gluconobacter Oxydans ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Routine Identification ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Potential Use

Sixty-six acetic acid bacteria (AAB) were isolated from fourty-five flowers and fruits collected in Hochiminh City, Vietnam. Of the sixty-six, thirty-one isolates were selected as dihydroxyacetone (DHA)-producing AAB based on the reaction with Fehling’s solution and grouped into three groups by routine identification with phenotypic features. Group I composed of fourteen isolates and was assigned to the genus Acetobacter, Group II composed of thirteen isolates and was assigned to the genus Gluconobacter and Group III was the remaining four isolates and was assigned to the genus Gluconacetobacter. Ten isolates among the thirteen isolates of Group II gave a larger amount of DHA (22.2–26.0 mg/mL) than Gluconobacter oxydans NBRC 14819T (19.8 mg/mL), promising for the potential use in producing DHA. In phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, six isolates of the ten potential DHA producers were suggested to be candidates for new taxa in the genus Gluconobacter.

scholarly journals Characterization and inactivation of the membrane-bound polyol dehydrogenase in Gluconobacter oxydans DSM 7145 reveals a role in meso-erythritol oxidation

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 1890-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn Voss ◽  
Armin Ehrenreich ◽  
Wolfgang Liebl
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gluconobacter Oxydans ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Growth Substrate ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Polyol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Substrate Spectrum

The growth of Gluconobacter oxydans DSM 7145 on meso-erythritol is characterized by two stages: in the first stage, meso-erythritol is oxidized almost stoichiometrically to l-erythrulose according to the Bertrand–Hudson rule. The second phase is distinguished from the first phase by a global metabolic change from membrane-bound meso-erythritol oxidation to l-erythrulose assimilation with concomitant accumulation of acetic acid. The membrane-associated erythritol-oxidizing enzyme was found to be encoded by a gene homologous to sldA known from other species of acetic acid bacteria. Disruption of this gene in the genome of G. oxydans DSM 7145 revealed that the membrane-bound polyol dehydrogenase not only oxidizes meso-erythritol but also has a broader substrate spectrum which includes C3–C6 polyols and d-gluconate and supports growth on these substrates. Cultivation of G. oxydans DSM 7145 on different substrates indicated that expression of the polyol dehydrogenase was not regulated, implying that the production of biomass of G. oxydans to be used as whole-cell biocatalysts in the biotechnological conversion of meso-erythritol to l-erythrulose, which is used as a tanning agent in the cosmetics industry, can be conveniently carried out with glucose as the growth substrate.

scholarly journals Cloning of Escherichia coli lacZ and lacY Genes and Their Expression in Gluconobacter oxydans and Acetobacter liquefaciens

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 2619-2623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham E. Mostafa ◽  
Knut J. Heller ◽  
Arnold Geis
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gluconobacter Oxydans ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Transformation Protocol ◽  
Ethanol Medium ◽  
Range Vector ◽  
Growth Ability ◽  
Broad Host Range Vector

ABSTRACT An efficient transformation protocol for Gluconobacter oxydans and Acetobacter liquefaciens strains was developed by preparation of electrocompetent cells grown on yeast extract-ethanol medium. Plasmid pBBR122 was used as broad-host-range vector to clone the Escherichia coli lacZY genes in G. oxydans and A. liquefaciens. Although both lac genes were functionally expressed in both acetic acid bacteria, only a few transformants were able to grow on lactose. However, this ability strictly depended on the presence of a plasmid expressing both lac genes. Mutations in the plasmids and/or in the chromosome were excluded as the cause of growth ability on lactose.

scholarly journals Asaia krungthepensis sp. nov., an acetic acid bacterium in the α-Proteobacteria

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattaraporn Yukphan ◽  
Wanchern Potacharoen ◽  
Somboon Tanasupawat ◽  
Morakot Tanticharoen ◽  
Yuzo Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacterium ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Dna Base Composition ◽  
Dna Base ◽  
Type Strains

Three bacterial strains were isolated from flowers collected in Bangkok, Thailand, by an enrichment-culture approach for acetic acid bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were located in the lineage of the genus Asaia but constituted a cluster separate from the type strains of Asaia bogorensis and Asaia siamensis. The DNA base composition of the isolates was 60·2–60·5 mol% G+C, with a range of 0·3 mol%. The isolates constituted a taxon separate from Asaia bogorensis and Asaia siamensis on the basis of DNA–DNA relatedness. The isolates had morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics similar to those of the type strains of Asaia bogorensis and Asaia siamensis, but the isolates grew on maltose. The major ubiquinone was Q10. On the basis of the results obtained, the name Asaia krungthepensis sp. nov. is proposed for the isolates. The type strain is isolate AA08T (=BCC 12978T=TISTR 1524T=NBRC 100057T=NRIC 0535T), which had a DNA G+C content of 60·3 mol% and was isolated from a heliconia flower (‘paksaasawan’ in Thai; Heliconia sp.) collected in Bangkok, Thailand.

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