Molecular Detection of Norwalk-Like Caliciviruses in Sewage

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 5624-5627 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Lodder ◽  
J. Vinjé ◽  
R. van de Heide ◽  
A. M. de Roda Husman ◽  
E. J. T. M. Leenen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Sewage Water Treatment

ABSTRACT In this study, Norwalk-like virus (NLV) RNA was detected by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) in sewage water concentrates. Sequence analysis of the RT-PCR products revealed identical sequences in stools of patients and related sewage samples. In 6 of 11 outbreak-unrelated follow-up samples, multiple NLV genotypes were present. Levels as high as 107 RNA-containing particles per liter were found. These data show that high loads of NLVs may be present in sewage and warrant further studies addressing the efficacy of NLV removal by sewage water treatment processes.

Proportional Control of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration of Sewage Water Treatment in Oil Field

2013 ◽  
Vol 421 ◽  
pp. 798-802
Author(s):  
Chao Xie
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Proportional Control ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Sewage Water Treatment

Activated sludge method is mainly used to sewage water treatment of water injection system in oil field, dissolved oxygen of sewage pond plays a important role in the sewage water treatment process. The proportional control algorithm of dissolved oxygen concentration is developed based on a first time delay model, and the parameter values of the controller is determined by using stability margins design approach. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the design procedure and the effectiveness of the proposed methods. When applying to the wastewater treatment system based on activated sludge, this method can achieve a satisfied treating performance with robustness. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the design procedure and the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Studies on kinetics and settling behavior of flocs formed using a sustainable coagulant in sewage water treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
S. Vishali ◽  
H. Gayathri ◽  
Richa Malhotra ◽  
Arpita Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Sewage Water Treatment ◽  
Settling Behavior

scholarly journals PLC and SCADA Based Sewage Water Treatment Plant

IJIREEICE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Anuj Hiray ◽  
Omkar Chinchkar ◽  
Parth Butte ◽  
Mrs. Vaneela Pyla
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Sewage Water Treatment

scholarly journals Perspective ecological processes of agricultural sewage water treatment when using non-traditional sorbents

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (91) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
O. V. Matsuska ◽  
M. V. Tsizhovska ◽  
D. M. Khapko
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Processing Facility ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Sewage Water Treatment

The usage of natural sorbents in sewage water treatment technologies, in particular agro-industrial complex, has a number of environmental and economic advantages. Non-traditional sorbents, which are concentrated in many parts of Ukraine, are cheap raw materials for sewage water treatment. The sorption properties of the upland and lowland peat species of the Gamaliivka-Grybovychi deposit, which were studied early, indicate their high sorption capacity for ammonium ions, which, if they enter water bodies, cause a number of environmental problems. According to the results of the ecological assessment of sewage water of meat processing facility, the chicken processing facility and milk processing plant, it was found out the exceedance of the acceptable limits for the content of ammoniacal nitrogen, respectively: 1.3–3 MPC; 3.8 MPC and 2.5 MPC. This component is a water pollutant and a “crop” of yield in agriculture, since nitrogen is an important element of plant nutrition. The rational usage of natural resources involves the complex usage of natural resources. The nitrogen absorbed by ammonium peat, as well as the peat itself is a sufficient fertilizing land, so the use of used peat complex in agriculture allows to solve not only problems of fertilizers, but also to achieve greening in sewage water treatment technologies. Greening as a whole is a result of waste minimization, and today there are two main areas: new technological non-waste technology together with low-waste technology and waste regeneration. This paper presents a comparison of the physiological indices of plants, depending on the application of the species and form of Gamaliivka-Grybovychi peat deposit, Yavoriv district, when fertilizing the substrate (sand as a background) of the study areas. The influence on the quality of ascent and growth of vegetative culture – watercress, natural form of the top and lowland peat species, as well as their waste forms obtained as a result of the process of purification of ammonium ions, modeling the sewage water of the agro-industrial complex, was investigated. The mass of the harvest from the experimental fields was determined and compared. The differences of lowland and upland peat species are due to its origin, which significantly affects their chemical composition. The plants fuelled with peat are much higher in the mass than those crops that were grown with adding of peat substrate into the lowland. However, the used form of lowland peat provided a 1.57 times higher harvested crop yield than the used upland sample of the studied sorbent.

scholarly journals First Report of Tomato chlorosis virus in Tomato in Costa Rica

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 970-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Castro ◽  
E. Hernandez ◽  
F. Mora ◽  
P. Ramirez ◽  
R. W. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
First Report ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Tomato Chlorosis Virus

In early 2007, severe yellowing and chlorosis symptoms were observed in field-grown and greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants in Costa Rica. Symptoms resembled those of the genus Crinivirus (family Closteroviridae), and large populations of whiteflies, including the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), were observed in the fields and on symptomatic plants. Total RNA was extracted from silica gel-dried tomato leaf tissue of 47 representative samples (all were from symptomatic plants) using TRI Reagent (Molecular Research Inc., Cincinnati, OH). Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR reactions were performed separately with each of the four primer sets with the Titan One-Tube RT-PCR Kit (Roche Diagnostics Corp., Chicago IL). Specific primers used for the detection of the criniviruses, Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV), were primer pair ToCV-p22-F (5′-ATGGATCTCACTGGTTGCTTGC-3′) and ToCV-p22-R (5′-TTATATATCACTCCCAAAGAAA-3′) specific for the p22 gene of ToCV RNA1 (1), primer pair ToCVCPmF (5′-TCTGGCAGTACCCGTTCGTGA-3′) and ToCVCPmR (5′-TACCGGCAGTCGTCCCATACC-3′) designed to be specific for the ToCV CPm gene of ToCV RNA2 (GenBank Accession No. AY903448) (2), primer pair ToCVHSP70F (5′-GGCGGTACTTTCGACACTTCTT-3′) and ToCVHSP70R (5′-ATTAACGCGCAAAACCATCTG-3′) designed to be specific for the Hsp70 gene of RNA2 of ToCV (GenBank Accession No. EU284744) (1), and primer pair TICV-CP-F and TICV-CP-R specific for the coat protein gene of TICV (1). Amplified DNA fragments (582 bp) were obtained from nine samples, four from the greenhouse and five from the open field, with the ToCV-p22 specific primers and were cloned into the pCRII TOPO cloning vector (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Nucleotide sequence analysis of all purified RT-PCR products verified their identity as ToCV, sharing 99.5 to 100% sequence identity among themselves and 96% to 98% sequence identity with previously reported ToCV p22 sequences from Florida (Accession No. AY903447), Spain (Accession No. DQ983480), and Greece (Accession No. EU284745). The presence of ToCV in the samples was confirmed by additional amplification and sequence analysis of the CPm (449-bp fragment) and Hsp70 (420-bp fragment) genes of ToCV RNA2 and sharing 98 to 99% sequence homology to Accession Nos. AY903448 and EU284774, respectively. One representative sequence of the p22 gene of the Costa Rican isolate was deposited at GenBank (Accession No. FJ809714). No PCR products were obtained using either the TICV-specific primers nor from healthy tomato tissue. The ToCV-positive samples were collected from a region in the Central Valley around Cartago, Costa Rica. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ToCV in Costa Rica. The economic impact on tomato has not yet been determined. Studies are underway to determine the incidence of ToCV in Costa Rica field-grown and greenhouse tomatoes. References: (1) A. R. A. Kataya et al. Plant Pathol. 57:819, 2008. (2) W. M. Wintermantel et al. Arch. Virol. 150:2287, 2005.

scholarly journals First Report of Solanum jasminoides Infected by Citrus exocortis viroid in Germany and the Netherlands and Tomato apical stunt viroid in Belgium and Germany

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 973-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Th. J. Verhoeven ◽  
C. C. C. Jansen ◽  
J. W. Roenhorst ◽  
S. Steyer ◽  
N. Schwind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Northern Hybridization ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Stunt Viroid ◽  
Citrus Exocortis Viroid ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Plant Pathol ◽  
Primer Sets

Recent identifications of Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) and Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) in Solanum jasminoides (3,4) prompted the testing of this plant species for infections with other pospiviroids. From autumn of 2006 to spring of 2007, samples from symptomless plants of S. jasminoides were collected in Belgium (3 samples ranging from 75 to 150 plants), Germany (3 samples ranging from 1 to 200 plants), and the Netherlands (3 samples ranging from 2 to 200 plants). Samples were tested for pospiviroids by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays using the Pospi1-FW/RE and Vid-FW/RE (2) and PSTV-Nb-FW (5′-ggatccccggggaaacctgga-3′)/RE (5′-ggatccctgaagcgctcctcc-3′) primer sets. Each set amplifies several but not all pospiviroids. The first and last primer sets amplified PCR products from six samples. The full-length genomes of all six isolates were amplified using primer pairs CEVd-FW1/RE1 (1) and CEVd-FW2 (5′-gtgctcacctgaccctgcagg-3′)/RE2 (5′-accacaggaacctcaagaaag-3′), which are fully complementary to both Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and Tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd). Sequence analysis of the PCR products identified CEVd from two samples each from Germany and the Netherlands and TASVd from one sample each from Germany and Belgium (plants were imported from Israel). Although the sequences of the different CEVd isolates from S. jasminoides were not identical, all exhibited more than 95% identity with a CEVd isolate from Vicia faba (GenBank Accession No. EF494687). Both TASVd sequences were identical and showed 99.2% identity to a TASVd isolate from tomato (GenBank Accession No. AY 062121). Two nucleotide sequences of CEVd were submitted to the NCBI GenBank (Accession Nos. EU094207 and EU094208). The two other CEVd sequences and the TASVd sequence were submitted to the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database as Accession Nos. AM774356, AM774357, and AM777161. In addition to identification from S. jasminoides by sequence analysis, TASVd infection in the S. jasminoides sample from Germany and CEVd in one sample from the Netherlands was confirmed by mechanical inoculation to tomato followed by RT-PCR using the two CEVd-FW/RE primer pairs and analysis of the sequenced PCR product. Infection by CEVd and TASVd was also confirmed in the German samples by Northern hybridization and TASVd was confirmed in the Belgian sample by return-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. To our knowledge, these are the first reports of CEVd and TASVd in S. jasminoides. The viroids do not reduce the quality of S. jasminoides plants; however, the infected plants may act as infection sources for other crops. References: (1) N. Önelge. Turk. J. Agric. For. 21:419, 1997. (2) J. Th. J. Verhoeven et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:823, 2004. (3) J. Th. J. Verhoeven et al. Plant Dis. 90:1359, 2006. (4) J. Th. J. Verhoeven et al. Plant Pathol. 57:399, 2008.

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