scholarly journals Mucosal Immunity to Asymptomatic Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar Infection Is Associated with a Peak Intestinal Anti-Lectin Immunoglobulin A Antibody Response

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 3897-3903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed D. Abd-Alla ◽  
Terry F. G. H. Jackson ◽  
Tyson Rogers ◽  
Selvan Reddy ◽  
Jonathan I. Ravdin
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Iga Antibody

ABSTRACT We monitored 93 subjects cured of amebic liver abscess (ALA) and 963 close associate controls in Durban, South Africa, and determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that the intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody response to the Entamoeba histolytica galactose-inhibitable adherence lectin is most accurately represented by a complex pattern of transitory peaks. One or more intestinal anti-lectin IgA antibody peaks occurred in 85.9% of ALA subjects over 36 months compared to 41.6% of controls (P < 0.0001). ALA subjects exhibited a greater number of anti-lectin IgA antibody peaks (P < 0.0001) than controls. In addition, their peak optical density values were higher (peak numbers 1 to 3, P < 0.003), peaks were of longer duration (for peaks 1 and 2, P ≤ 0.0054), and there was a shorter time interval between peaks (between 1 and 2 or 2 and 3, P ≤ 0.0106) than observed for control subjects. A prior E. histolytica infection was associated with the occurrence of an anti-lectin IgA antibody peak (79.1%, P < 0.0001) more so than for Entamoeba dispar infection (57.2%, P < 0.001). The annual number of anti-lectin IgA antibody peaks in ALA subjects was 0.71 per year, compared to just 0.22 in controls (P<0.0001), indicating a higher rate of exposure to the parasite than previously appreciated. Anti-lectin IgA antibody peaks were of higher amplitude following a E. histolytica infection compared to E. dispar (P = 0.01) and, for either, were of greater height in ALA subjects than controls (P < 0.01). ALA subjects demonstrated greater clearance of amebic infection after an anti-lectin IgA antibody peak compared to controls, and only 14.3% remained with a positive culture after the peak, compared to 38.9% in controls (P = 0.035). In summary, this prospective controlled longitudinal study elucidated the dynamic nature of the human intestinal IgA antibody response to E. histolytica and E. dispar infection and revealed that ALA subjects exhibit heightened intestinal anti-lectin IgA antibody peaks that are associated with clearance of E. histolytica and E. dispar infection.

scholarly journals Intestinal Antilectin Immunoglobulin A AntibodyResponse and Immunity to Entamoeba dispar Infection followingCure of Amebic LiverAbscess

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 6899-6905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan I. Ravdin ◽  
Mohamed D. Abd-Alla ◽  
Seth L. Welles ◽  
Selvan Reddy ◽  
Terry F. H. G. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Lectin Protein ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT We followed 93 subjects with amebic liver abscess (ALA) and 963 close associate controls at 3-month intervals for 36 months to characterize intestinal and humoral antibody responses to the amebic galactose-inhibitable lectin and to determine whether immunity developed to Entamoeba histolytica or Entamoeba dispar infection following cure of ALA. We found that ALA subjects had a higher prevalence and level of intestinal antilectin immunoglobulin A (IgA) and serum anti-LC3 (cysteine-rich recombinant lectin protein) IgA and IgG antibodies, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively, compared to controls. The intestinal antilectin IgA antibody response was sustained over a longer time period in ALA subjects (71.8% remained positive at 18 months and 52.6% at 36 months, P < 0.001 compared to 17.6% and 10.3% of controls, respectively). ALA subjects were highly immune to E. dispar infection throughout the study (0% infected at 6 and 36 months, compared to 6.5% and 4.9% of control subjects, respectively, P < 0.05). Upon entry into the study, 6.3% of ALA subjects were infected with E. histolytica; the incidence of new E. histolytica infections in controls (as determined by culture) was too low (1.4%) to determine whether ALA subjects exhibited immunity to new infections. We found that stool cultures every 3 months markedly underestimated the occurrence of new E. histolytica infections, as 15.3% of controls seroconverted after 12 months of follow-up. Unfortunately, under the field conditions present in Durban, South Africa, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of lectin antigen in stool yielded unreliable results. In summary, subjects cured of ALA exhibited sustained mucosal IgA antibody responses to the amebic galactose-inhibitable lectin and a high level of immunity to E. dispar infection. Determination of immunity to E. histolytica following cure of ALA will require the use of more sensitive and reliable diagnostic methods.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin A Antibody Responses in Dengue Patients: a Useful Marker for Serodiagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1235-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nawa ◽  
T. Takasaki ◽  
M. Ito ◽  
S. Inoue ◽  
K. Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Antibody Capture

ABSTRACT We determined the usefulness of an immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of dengue virus infections. The results indicate that the presence of IgA and IgM in serum samples assures recent primary dengue virus infection even with a single serum sample.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Amebic Liver Abscess and Intestinal Infection with the TechLab Entamoeba histolytica II Antigen Detection and Antibody Tests

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 3235-3239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashidul Haque ◽  
Nasir Uddin Mollah ◽  
Ibne Karim M. Ali ◽  
Khorshed Alam ◽  
Aleida Eubanks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Amebic Liver Abscess ◽  
Intestinal Infection ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Culture Negative

A noninvasive diagnostic test for amebic liver abscess is needed, because amebic and bacterial abscesses appear identical on ultrasound or computer tomography and because it is rarely possible to identifyEntamoeba histolytica in stool specimens from patients with amebic liver abscess. Here we report a method of detection in serum of circulating E. histolytica Gal/GalNAc lectin to diagnose amebic liver abscess, which was used in patients from Dhaka, Bangladesh. The TechLab E. histolytica II test (which differentiates the true pathogen E. histolytica fromEntamoeba dispar) detected Gal/GalNAc lectin in the sera of 22 of 23 (96%) amebic liver abscess patients tested prior to treatment with the antiamebic drug metronidazole and 0 of 70 (0%) controls. After 1 week of treatment with metronidazole, 9 of 11 (82%) patients became serum lectin antigen negative. The sensitivity of the E. histolytica II antigen detection test for intestinal infection was also evaluated. Antigen detection identified E. histolytica infection in 50 samples from 1,164 asymptomatic preschool children aged 2 to 5 years, including 16 of 16 (100%) culture-positive specimens. PCR analysis of stool specimens was used to confirm that most antigen-positive but culture-negative specimens were true-positive: PCR identified parasite DNA in 27 of 34 (79%) of the antigen-positive, culture-negative stool specimens. Antigen detection was a more sensitive test for infection than antilectin antibodies, which were detected in only 76 of 98 (78%) amebic liver abscess patients and in 26 of 50 (52%) patients with intestinal infection. We conclude that the TechLab E. histolytica II kit is a sensitive means to diagnose hepatic and intestinal amebiasis prior to the institution of metronidazole treatment.

scholarly journals A Controlled Clinical Study of the Effect of Nasal Immunization with a Streptococcus mutans Antigen Alone or Incorporated into Liposomes on Induction of Immune Responses

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 618-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel K. Childers ◽  
Giang Tong ◽  
Stephen Mitchell ◽  
Katharine Kirk ◽  
Michael W. Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Protein Vaccine ◽  
Nasal Wash ◽  
Immunization Strategies ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Effective Use

ABSTRACT Recent attention to mucosal immunization strategies has been focused on the nasal route for vaccine delivery. This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of a liposome-protein vaccine compared to that of a protein-only vaccine in inducing immune responses in humans. Healthy subjects were randomly assigned to two groups and immunized intranasally with a crude antigen preparation rich in glucosyltransferase (C-GTF) from Streptococcus mutans, alone or in liposomes. Parotid saliva, nasal wash, and serum were collected prior to and at weekly intervals following immunization and were analyzed for anti-C-GTF activity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti-C-GTF activity in the nasal wash from both groups after immunization increased to a mean peak of fivefold over the baseline level on day 28. Salivary IgA anti-C-GTF responses were induced to a lesser extent. IgG and IgA anti-C-GTF responses in serum were detected on day 14. The IgA responses were predominantly of the IgA1 subclass. These results show that C-GTF vaccines were more effective in inducing a local secretory IgA antibody response than a salivary or serum response when they were given intranasally. The IgA1 anti-C-GTF response in nasal wash samples for liposomal antigen versus antigen only was the only response which was significantly different (P < 0.04). This suggests that the form of the antigen affects the magnitude of the local mucosal response but not that of a disseminated response. These results provide evidence for the effective use of a nasal protein vaccine in humans for the induction of mucosal and systemic responses.

Molecular-based diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica infection

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Huston ◽  
Rashidul Haque ◽  
William A. Petri
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Isoenzyme Analysis ◽  
Amoebic Colitis ◽  
Pcr Method

Infection with Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite that causes amoebic colitis and liver abscess, results in 34 million to 50 million symptomatic cases of amoebiasis (all illnesses caused by E. histolytica, including amoebic dysentery) worldwide each year, causing 40 thousand to 100 thousand deaths annually. As a result of accruing biochemical, genetic and immunological data, E. histolytica was re-defined in 1993 to recognise the existence of two morphologically identical but genetically distinct human parasites: E. histolytica, the aetiological agent of invasive intestinal and extraintestinal amoebiasis, and Entamoeba dispar, a non-pathogenic intestinal parasite. Because microscopy is unable to distinguish between these two organisms, it should no longer be relied upon to diagnose amoebiasis. Sensitive and specific molecular techniques that are able to distinguish E. histolytica from E. dispar have been developed recently; they include (1) the detection of an E. histolytica antigen using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), (2) the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify amoebic DNA, and (3) the culture of stool samples followed by isoenzyme analysis. Of these three test methods, only antigen detection using ELISA can be performed rapidly and easily, making it the diagnostic test method of choice for clinical use in the developing world, where the morbidity and mortality caused by E. histolytica are greatest. However, the PCR method is a powerful tool for the genetic typing of different amoebic strains. Together these two methods should result in both improved clinical diagnosis and treatment of amoebiasis, and a greater understanding of the epidemiology of E. histolytica. Such knowledge will not only assist public health efforts to control amoebiasis, but also facilitate the careful testing of the anti-amoebic vaccines that are currently being developed.

Differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar Using PCR-SHELA and Comparison of Antibody Response

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. S44-S46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaco J Verweij ◽  
Lisette van Lieshout ◽  
Coby Blotkamp ◽  
Eric A.T Brienen ◽  
Sandra van Duivenvoorden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar

scholarly journals Predominance of Serotype-Specific Mucosal Antibody Response in Shigella flexneri-Infected Humans Living in an Area of Endemicity

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 5230-5234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Voahangy Rasolofo-Razanamparany ◽  
Anne-Marie Cassel-Beraud ◽  
Jean Roux ◽  
Philippe J. Sansonetti ◽  
Armelle Phalipon
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Bacterial Antigen ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Mucosal Antibody ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Antibody Secreting Cells

ABSTRACT The mucosal humoral immune response elicited followingShigella flexneri infection in patients living in Antananarivo districts (Madagascar Island) was evaluated by measuring the gut-derived, circulating immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody-secreting cells (ASC) specific for the major bacterial antigen lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fifty, 34, 11, and 5% of the S. flexneri-positive patients were infected with serotypes 2a, 1a, 4a, and 3a, respectively. The total number of IgA ASC in infected patients increased significantly, compared to the number in healthy controls, early after the onset of disease. The number of anti-homologous LPS IgA ASC varied among individuals and peaked between days 5 and 10 after the onset of the disease. In the S. flexneri 1a- and 2a-infected patients, the level of IgA ASC cross-reactivity to heterologous S. flexneri serotypes was weak. These data indicate that S. flexneri 2a and 1a are the predominant strains responsible for shigellosis in this area of endemicity and that the anti-LPS antibody response following natural infection is mainly directed against serotype-specific determinants.

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