scholarly journals Biochemical studies on the effect of Clostridium difficile toxin B on actin in vivo and in vitro.

1987 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1610-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Mitchell ◽  
B E Laughon ◽  
S Lin
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Toxin ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Toxin B

scholarly journals Clostridium difficile toxin B is more potent than toxin A in damaging human colonic epithelium in vitro.

1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 2004-2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Riegler ◽  
R Sedivy ◽  
C Pothoulakis ◽  
G Hamilton ◽  
J Zacherl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Colonic Epithelium ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Toxin ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Toxin B

scholarly journals Structural insight into Wnt signaling inhibition by Clostridium difficile toxin B

FEBS Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 286 (5) ◽  
pp. 874-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Chen ◽  
Liang Tao ◽  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Min Dong ◽  
Rongsheng Jin
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Toxin ◽  
Structural Insight ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Toxin B ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of the gyrA and gyrB Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Clostridium difficile Mutants Selected In Vitro

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 2463-2468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Spigaglia ◽  
Fabrizio Barbanti ◽  
Thomas Louie ◽  
Frédéric Barbut ◽  
Paola Mastrantonio
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Vitro Development ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Recent studies have suggested that exposure to fluoroquinolones represents a risk factor for the development of Clostridium difficile infections and that the acquisition of resistance to the newer fluoroquinolones is the major reason facilitating wide dissemination. In particular, moxifloxacin (MX) and levofloxacin (LE) have been recently associated with outbreaks caused by the C. difficile toxinotype III/PCR ribotype 027/pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type NAP1 strain. In this study, we evaluated the potential of MX and LE in the in vitro development of fluoroquinolone resistance mediated by GyrA and GyrB alterations. Resistant mutants were obtained from five C. difficile parent strains, susceptible to MX, LE, and gatifloxacin (GA) and belonging to different toxinotypes, by selection in the presence of increasing concentrations of MX and LE. Stable mutants showing substitutions in GyrA and/or GyrB were obtained from the parent strains after selection by both antibiotics. Mutants had MICs ranging from 8 to 128 μg/ml for MX, from 8 to 256 μg/ml for LE, and from 1.5 to ≥32 μg/ml for GA. The frequency of mutation ranged from 3.8 × 10−6 to 6.6 × 10−5 for MX and from 1.0 × 10−6 to 2.4 × 10−5 for LE. In total, six different substitutions in GyrA and five in GyrB were observed in this study. The majority of these substitutions has already been described for clinical isolates or has occurred at positions known to be involved in fluoroquinolone resistance. In particular, the substitution Thr82 to Ile in GyrA, the most common found in resistant C. difficile clinical isolates, was observed after selection with LE, whereas the substitution Asp426 to Val in GyrB, recently described in toxin A-negative/toxin B-positive epidemic strains, was observed after selection with MX. Interestingly, a reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones was observed in colonies isolated after the first and second steps of selection by both MX and LE, with no substitution in GyrA or GyrB. The results suggest a relevant role of fluoroquinolones in the emergence and selection of fluoroquinolone-resistant C. difficile strains also in vivo.

The Effect of Lactoferrin and Pepsin-Treated Lactoferrin on IEC-6 Cell Damage Induced by Clostridium Difficile Toxin B

Shock ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Otake ◽  
Norio Sato ◽  
Ayako Kitaguchi ◽  
Takayuki Irahara ◽  
Satoru Murata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Toxin ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Toxin B

scholarly journals Small Molecule Inhibitors of Clostridium difficile Toxin B-Induced Cellular Damage

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Tam ◽  
Greg L. Beilhartz ◽  
Anick Auger ◽  
Pulkit Gupta ◽  
Alex G. Therien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Small Molecule Inhibitors ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Toxin ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Toxin B

scholarly journals Inhibition of Receptor Signaling to Phospholipase D by Clostridium difficile Toxin B

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (5) ◽  
pp. 2422-2426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Schmidt ◽  
Ulrich Rümenapp ◽  
Christine Bienek ◽  
Jutta Keller ◽  
Christoph von Eichel-Streiber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Phospholipase D ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Toxin ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Toxin B
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