scholarly journals Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 IgG Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Differentiating Infection versus Vaccination Antibody Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Girl ◽  
M. Bestehorn-Willmann ◽  
S. Zange ◽  
J. P. Borde ◽  
G. Dobler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Nonstructural Protein 1 ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

ABSTRACT Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an important central nervous system (CNS) infection in Europe and Asia. It is a flavivirus in the tick-borne group. Effective vaccines against TBE are available in the affected countries. However, diagnosing TBE is challenging due to cross-reactive antibodies between different viruses of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. Differentiation between infection-induced and vaccine-induced antibodies can be difficult and in many cases impossible, due to the increasing vaccination rate against TBEV. We present a new approach to detect antibodies against the TBEV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) as a diagnostic marker, which is exclusively indicative for virus replication in natural infection, on the basis of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 188 anonymous serum samples from the National Consultant Laboratory for TBEV were included in our study. The assay was validated according to the European Laboratory Norm DIN EN ISO 15189 for diagnostic use. The ELISA for the detection of TBEV NS1 specific IgG class antibodies has demonstrated a sensitivity of >94% and a specificity of >93% in broadly cross-reacting sera from patients with vaccinations against flaviviral diseases and single or multiple flavivirus infections, respectively. The detection of anti-NS1 antibodies is feasible and facilitates reliable differentiation between different flavivirus infections, TBEV infection, and TBE vaccination.

Nonstructural protein 1 of tick-borne encephalitis virus activates the expression of immunoproteasome subunits

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Y. V. Kuzmenko ◽  
E. S. Starodubova ◽  
G. G. Karganova ◽  
A. V. Timofeev ◽  
V. L. Karpov
Keyword(s):  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Nonstructural Protein 1 ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

scholarly journals Nonstructural Protein 1 of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Induces Oxidative Stress and Activates Antioxidant Defense by the Nrf2/ARE Pathway

Intervirology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia V. Kuzmenko ◽  
Olga A. Smirnova ◽  
Alexander V. Ivanov ◽  
Elizaveta S. Starodubova ◽  
Vadim L. Karpov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Nonstructural Protein 1 ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

scholarly journals Epitope-Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay To Differentiate West Nile Virus from Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infections in Equine Sera

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1024-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Kitai ◽  
Mizue Shoda ◽  
Takashi Kondo ◽  
Eiji Konishi
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Nonstructural Protein 1

ABSTRACT West Nile virus (WNV) is now widely distributed worldwide, except in most areas of Asia where Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is distributed. Considering the movement and migration of reservoir birds, there is concern that WNV may be introduced in Asian countries. Although manuals and guidelines for serological tests have been created in Japan in preparedness for the introduction of WNV, differential diagnosis between WNV and JEV may be complicated by antigenic cross-reactivities between these flaviviruses. Here, we generated a monoclonal antibody specific for the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of WNV and established an epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that can differentiate WNV from JEV infections in horse sera. Under conditions well suited for our assay system, samples collected from 95 horses in Japan (regarded as negative for WNV antibodies), including those collected from horses naturally infected with JEV, showed a mean inhibition value of 8.2% and a standard deviation (SD) of 6.5%. However, inhibition values obtained with serum used as a positive control (obtained after 28 days from a horse experimentally infected with WNV) in nine separate experiments showed a mean of 54.4% and an SD of 7.1%. We tentatively determined 27.6% (mean + 3 × SD obtained with 95 negative samples) as the cutoff value to differentiate positive from negative samples. Under this criterion, two horses experimentally infected with WNV were diagnosed as positive at 12 and 14 days, respectively, after infection.

TBE in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was isolated for the first time in Sweden in 1958 (from ticks and from 1 tick-borne encephalitis [TBE] patient).1 In 2003, Haglund and colleagues reported the isolation and antigenic and genetic characterization of 14 TBEV strains from Swedish patients (samples collected 1991–1994).2 The first serum sample, from which TBEV was isolated, was obtained 2–10 days after onset of disease and found to be negative for anti-TBEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas TBEV-specific IgM (and TBEV-specific immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid [IgG/CSF] activity) was demonstrated in later serum samples taken during the second phase of the disease.

scholarly journals Analysis of Multiple Risk Factors for Seronegative Rate of Anti-Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Immunization in Human Serum

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Marta Janik ◽  
Sylwia Płaczkowska ◽  
Mieczysław Woźniak ◽  
Iwona Bil-Lula
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Booster Immunization ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Waning Immunity ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

Background and objectives: Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infections have been the cause of threatening outbreaks for many years. Apart from several physical and chemical methods to prevent tick bites, active vaccination of people highly exposed to infection is still the most important strategy of prevention. However, in some subjects, the lack of or low response to TBEV antigens is observed. The aim of the current study was to assess the prevalence of seronegative rate for anti-TBEV antibodies and the risk factors for waning immunity. Materials and Methods: 2315 at least primary vaccinated subjects from the high risk group for TBEV infections participated in this study. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used for the assessment of anti-TBEV IgG serum level. Results: Data showed that 86.2% of subjects who underwent vaccination were positive for anti-TBEV antibodies within 5 years. As much as 13.8% of subjects that underwent primary or primary and booster vaccination were barely protected after vaccination. Women and subjects under 60 years underwent more effective protection but sex and older age was not a risk factor for being a subject of waning immunity. A logistic regression showed that both a longer time since the vaccination and a lower number of booster doses constantly increased the chance of lost anti-TBEV antibodies. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the vaccination schedule should be reevaluated. The extension of the interval of booster immunization is risky and all subjects should be surrounded by care consisting of more frequent monitoring of serum antibodies by personalized schedule to adjust the frequency of subsequent doses of booster vaccination.

Humoral immunity in natural infection by tick-borne encephalitis virus

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulietta Venturi ◽  
Paola Martelli ◽  
Elena Mazzolini ◽  
Cristiano Fiorentini ◽  
Eleonora Benedetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

High prevalence of West Nile virus in equines from the two provinces of Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (9) ◽  
pp. 1931-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ZOHAIB ◽  
M. SAQIB ◽  
C. BECK ◽  
M. H. HUSSAIN ◽  
S. LOWENSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

SUMMARYThis study describes the first large-scale serosurvey on West Nile virus (WNV) conducted in the equine population in Pakistan. Sera were collected from 449 equids from two provinces of Pakistan during 2012–2013. Equine serum samples were screened using a commercial ELISA kit detecting antibodies against WNV and related flaviviruses. ELISA-positive samples were further investigated using virus-specific microneutralization tests (MNTs) to identify infections with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), WNV and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Anti-WNV antibodies were detected in 292 samples by ELISA (seroprevalence 65·0%) and WNV infections were confirmed in 249 animals by MNT. However, there was no animal found infected by JEV or TBEV. The detection of WNV-seropositive equines in Pakistan strongly suggests a widespread circulation of WNV in Pakistan.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES CONJUGATED WITH ANTIBODIES TO TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROCHEMICAL IMMUNOSENSOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Ekaterina P. Khristunova ◽  
Bohumil Kratochvil ◽  
Elena V. Dorozhko ◽  
Elena I. Korotkova
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Glassy Carbon Electrode ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Electrochemical Immunosensor ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

In the past decade, interest to electrochemical assays have grown for determination antibodies in clinical and biological samples, where instead of the enzyme label metal nanoparticle is used. Such types of electrochemical immunosensors represent an upcoming trend in analytical chemistry. In this work, the electrochemical behavior of silver nanoparticles conjugated with antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus at different stages of electrode modification is investigated. Silver nanoparticles were obtained by chemical reduction from silver nitrate. Passive adsorption was chosen as a strategy for binding silver nanoparticles to antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus. The optimal ratio of antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus (4.5 IU ml-1) in a solution of silver nanoparticles [1 mmol l-1 AgNO3] was found experimentally. The development of an electrochemical immunosensor was based on indirect, non-competitive format of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The electrochemical situation on the electrode surface after modification steps was demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry using a standard redox pair [Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4-. Glassy carbon electrode with electrochemically deposited gold nanoparticles was used as a platform for immobilization of biological material. It has been established that after sensitization of the electrode with antigen, passivation of the surface occurs. The voltammetric signal was recorded through the detection of silver ions oxidation on unmodified glassy carbon electrode under the working conditions: scan rate 0.1 V s-1, potential accumulation –0.8 V, accumulation time 60 s. Thus, this work paves the way for a new alternative method for monitoring antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus in biological fluids.

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